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BPC-157 vs TB-500: differences, evidence and safety

Updated September 30, 202610 min

BPC-157 vs TB-500: differences, evidence and safety

Answer first

BPC-157 has 15 amino acids; the TB-500 fragment Ac-LKKTETQ has seven. Neither has reliable clinical evidence supporting recovery from injuries. A direct rat comparison cannot establish which is better for people, and its TB-500 material was not chemically identified. Full-length TB-4 is a different molecule with separate human studies.

At a glance

AttributeBPC-157TB-500
Substance classTissue repairTissue repair
Legal categoryResearch chemicalResearch chemical
Approval status by market
United StatesNot approvedNot approved
European UnionNot approvedNot approved
GermanyNot approvedNot approved
United KingdomNot approvedNot approved
AustraliaScheduled substance (2024-06-01)Scheduled substance (2024-06-01)
CanadaNot approvedNot approved
SwitzerlandNot approvedNot established
WADA statusProhibited (S0, 2026)Prohibited (S2.3, 2026)
Development stagePhase 2Preclinical
Strongest evidenceCase reportAnimal study
Registered trials (ClinicalTrials.gov)30
Sequence length15 amino acids7 amino acids
Molecular weight1419.5 g/mol889 g/mol
Last verified2026-09-062026-09-30

How they work

Here, TB-500 means Ac-LKKTETQ, following its analytical identification and the FDA’s 2026 definition [5], [38]. The trade name alone does not establish a product’s identity. TB-4 (thymosin β4) has 43 amino acids; unacetylated LKKTETQ / fequesetide has seven, but a different chemical structure. The dedicated TB-500 vs. TB-4 comparison separates their evidence.

No measured mechanism in people could be found for either peptide. Everything below comes from cells in a dish or from animals, so each point is a hypothesis.

BPC-157. No established target for this chain of 15 building blocks in the body could be found in the sources reviewed for this page. Four ideas are in circulation:

  • Growth of new blood vessels. In human vessel-lining cells, it was reported to switch on a receptor for the growth signal VEGF [1].
  • Nitric oxide. In rats with a starved blood supply to the colon, the effects faded when production of this vessel-widening signal was blocked [2].
  • Moving tendon cells. Rat tendon cells in a dish spread and migrated more, although they did not multiply faster [3].
  • Brain chemicals. In stressed rats, stomach protection disappeared when dopamine or adrenaline was blocked [4].

TB-500. The defined fragment Ac-LKKTETQ copies amino acids 17 to 23 of human thymosin β4 and adds an acetyl group at its beginning [5].

  • Actin binding. The sequence includes part of thymosin β4 involved in binding actin, a protein in the cell’s internal framework [6]. An isolated fragment need not retain the whole protein’s binding properties [7].
  • A different fragment in mouse wounds. Unacetylated LKKTETQ produced wound-repair findings described as comparable to full-length thymosin β4 [8]. That result cannot be assigned to Ac-LKKTETQ [38].
  • A possible role for a metabolite. In a 2024 cell assay, the breakdown product Ac-LKKTE promoted closure, while Ac-LKKTETQ showed no significant effect under the tested conditions [9].
  • Not the anti-inflammatory part. That effect of thymosin β4 is attributed to a different piece, one TB-500 does not contain [6], [7].

The core difference is origin. BPC-157 is described as a piece of a stomach protein for which no identification outside its home group could be found [10]. TB-500 copies a known human protein. The two have different sequences and different proposed mechanisms; what they share is a marketplace [11].

What the studies show

Head-to-head: tendon healing in rats

Animal data; chemical identity unresolved Biçer and colleagues studied 32 rats in four groups, with only four tendons per group allocated to each endpoint. The material called TB-500 was associated with higher load to failure (p < 0.05) and lower Bonar and Movin scores (p = 0.016 and p = 0.017); the combination added no benefit [11]. However, the methods give a catalogue reference without a sequence, CAS number or analytical identity check. This study therefore cannot be assigned confidently to Ac-LKKTETQ or to full-length TB-4.

BPC-157 on its own

Animal data In rats with a cut Achilles tendon, treated tendons withstood more force before tearing again over 14 days, measured against salt water [12]. A model of the join between tendon and bone reported improvement over 21 days [13]. A cut thigh muscle recovered force and walking over 72 days [14].

Animal data Rat stomachs damaged by stress, alcohol or a painkiller showed less severe damage with treatment [15]. An independent group in China reported ulcers held back by 45.7% to 65.6% at two doses [16]. Nearly all other work comes from a single group in Zagreb [10].

Overall appraisal A 2025 review screened 544 articles and included 36, of which only 1 involved patients [17]. The evidence was overwhelmingly preclinical; the uncontrolled clinical report cannot establish a reliable treatment effect.

Case series One clinic reached 16 of 17 patients injected in the knee by telephone. Of the 12 given BPC-157 alone, 11 said they had improved markedly [18]. There was no comparison group.

Case series In 12 women with a painful bladder condition, symptoms disappeared in 10 and improved by 80% in the other 2 [19]. Without a comparison group, the passage of time cannot be ruled out as the cause.

Registered trials Three trials in people are counted, and none has posted a result [20]. The early-stage safety study in 42 healthy volunteers has not been updated since 17 December 2015 [21]. A further entry is excluded because its sponsor also filed self-declared mock records [22].

TB-500 on its own

In vitro A 2024 study followed TB-500 and its breakdown fragments in human serum and in rats. In a wound-closure test in the dish, only one particular fragment produced a clear effect, and the peptide as given produced none [9].

Animal data A gel incorporating the LKKTETQ sequence was studied after an alkali burn to the cornea [23]. Its findings concern that modified preparation, not free Ac-LKKTETQ. Earlier skin-wound findings in old mice used unacetylated LKKTETQ, another distinct molecule [8], [38].

No verified clinical study of Ac-LKKTETQ was identified. The FDA’s 2026 review found no assessable clinical safety or efficacy data. This concerns the available evidence; it does not establish that nobody has used a product labelled TB-500 [24], [25], [38].

The FDA’s 2026 review also mentions two reports about products labelled as TB-500/BPC-157 blends in its food complaint system, but neither contained a safety assessment. These reports do not identify the responsible molecule or establish safety, efficacy or an adverse-event rate [38].

The parent protein is a different molecule

Full-length thymosin β4 has its own clinical programmes. Their findings belong to that molecule and the particular preparations studied [26], [27]. The fictional TB-500 registry entry supplies no clinical evidence for Ac-LKKTETQ [25]. Evidence for unacetylated LKKTETQ also cannot be directly transferred to the acetylated fragment [38].

Phase 3 RCT In neurotrophic keratopathy, damaged corneal nerves impair healing. Complete closure occurred in 6 of 10 eyes receiving full-length peptide drops, versus 1 of 8 receiving placebo. The primary analysis was not statistically significant (p = 0.0656); recruitment stopped after 18 participants [28]. This does not establish an effect of the TB-500 fragment.

Why the numbers cannot be compared

The available studies differ in species, injury, formulation, outcome and duration. Their numbers cannot establish which peptide is better. Even the direct rat study leaves its TB-500 identity unresolved. No direct comparison of BPC-157 and chemically confirmed Ac-LKKTETQ in people was identified.

Doses used in the studies

The doses below are simply what the cited studies gave, listed so that the results can be understood. They are not advice on how to use anything.

StudySubstanceModelDoseRouteDurationRef
Biçer 2026, tendon healing versus TB-500BPC-157Rat, about 330 g10 µg/kg per dayIntraperitoneal4 weeks[11]
Biçer 2026, Achilles tendonTB-500 label; chemical identity unresolvedRat60 µg/kg per dayInto the belly4 weeks[11]
Sikirić 1996, gastric lesionsBPC-157Rat10 µg/kg and 10 ng/kgIntraperitonealSingle, acute[15]
Staresinic 2003, transected Achilles tendonBPC-157Rat10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg or 10 pg/kgIntraperitonealDaily to 14 days[12]
Xue 2004, gastric ulcerBPC-157Rat400 ng/kg and 800 ng/kgIntramuscular or intragastricModel-dependent[16]
Krivic 2006, tendon-to-bone healingBPC-157Rat10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg or 10 pg/kgIntraperitonealDaily to 21 days[13]
Staresinic 2006, transected quadricepsBPC-157Rat10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg or 10 pg/kgIntraperitonealDaily to 72 days[14]
NCT02637284, phase 1BPC-157Human, 42 healthy volunteers1 mg tablets, 1 to 6 per administrationOralPlanned over 14 days[21]
Lee 2024, interstitial cystitis pilotBPC-157Human, 12 women10 mg in totalInjection at cystoscopySingle procedure[19]
Philp 2003, skin repairUnacetylated LKKTETQAged miceNot given in numbers in the abstractApplied to the woundDay 7 assessment[8], [38]
Rahaman 2024, breakdownTB-500Rat, and in the dishNot given in numbers in the abstractNot statedSamples taken up to 72 h[9]

The phase 1 figure is only what a registry entry planned, and the register lists no result for that study. No dose of TB-500 in people could be found in the sources reviewed, and no market examined has approved a dose of either peptide.

Safety

No controlled safety data in people could be found for either peptide.

BPC-157

  • No side effects reported in two small series. With 16 and 12 patients and no comparison group, these reports are too small to establish safety [18], [19].
  • No toxicology report found. Claims that no dose proved lethal appear only as asides in the originating group's papers [29].
  • Open questions named by the FDA. Reactions of the immune system and unidentified impurities, with no human data behind either [30].
  • Untested risks. No study of whether it can cause cancer or damage genetic material could be found in the sources reviewed [31], [32].

TB-500

  • No side-effect list found, as no study of it in people could be found in the sources reviewed [24].
  • The same FDA concerns. Immune reactions and impurities are named for preparations of the fragment [24].
  • One cell test. Neither the peptide nor its breakdown products killed cells in one laboratory test [9]. One cell line is not a safety assessment.
  • Untested risks. Encouraging new vessels and cell movement raises questions about undetected tumours, and no study of them could be found in the sources reviewed [6], [32].

Both share a problem of content. A university racing laboratory reported that most samples labelled TB-500 held no proteins, peptides or amino acids at all [33]. For BPC-157, the FDA lists identity and impurities of the material as unresolved [30]. For TB-500, no data on repeated injection, pregnancy or children could be found [24].

This page does not rank the two. Missing data are not evidence of safety.

Neither peptide is approved as a medicine in any market examined, as checked on 6 September 2026. Australia lists both by name as prescription-only, with an appendix that makes possession without authority unlawful, since 1 June 2024 [34], [35]. The FDA lists both among substances nominated for pharmacy compounding and then withdrawn [30], [24]. The World Anti-Doping Agency bans both at all times: BPC-157 in section S0 since 1 January 2022, TB-500 in section S2.3 as a non-specified substance [36], [37]. More detail is at peptides banned in sport.

BPC-157

Status at a glance

MarketStatusDate
United StatesNot approved—
European UnionNot approved—
GermanyNot approved—
United KingdomNot approved—
AustraliaScheduled substance2024-06-01
CanadaNot approved—
SwitzerlandNot approved—
Development stage
Phase 2
Strongest evidence
Case report
WADA status
Prohibited (S0, 2026)
Last verified
2026-09-06
Version
1.0

TB-500

Status at a glance

MarketStatusDate
United StatesNot approved—
European UnionNot approved—
GermanyNot approved—
United KingdomNot approved—
AustraliaScheduled substance2024-06-01
CanadaNot approved—
SwitzerlandNot established—
Development stage
Preclinical
Strongest evidence
Animal study
WADA status
Prohibited (S2.3, 2026)
Last verified
2026-09-30
Version
1.1

Used together?

The pair is sold as one product. The directory lists it twice, as the BPC-157 + TB-500 Blend and as a second entry with the same two components in reverse order. Both peptides also appear together in several multi-ingredient blends there. Neither component is approved anywhere.

Head-to-head, animal · One four-week rat study compared BPC-157, material labelled TB-500 and their combination. It found no additional benefit from the combination, but did not establish which TB-500 molecule it tested [11].

No study of the mixture in people could be found in the published record reviewed for this page. The fictional registry entry does not supply such evidence [25]. The knee-pain series described a combination with TB4, not a chemically verified Ac-LKKTETQ preparation [18].

Several gaps apply to a mixture as much as to each part. No measurement of how the body handles the two together could be found. Each has its own unresolved questions about impurities and immune reactions [30], [24]. Laboratory findings on products sold as TB-500 show that a label does not guarantee what a vial contains [33].

For athletes, a mixture carries both bans at once: section S0 for BPC-157 and section S2.3 for TB-500 [37].

This page gives no amounts and no schedule for combining the two. BPC-157 and TB-500 each have a full monograph.

Frequently asked questions

Which is better, BPC-157 or TB-500?

The rat study does not establish which is better for people, and its TB-500 material was not chemically identified.

Is BPC-157 or TB-500 safer?

There is not enough clinical safety evidence to rank them. BPC-157 has small uncontrolled reports, while no verified clinical study of Ac-LKKTETQ was identified. The FDA’s 2026 review found no assessable clinical safety or efficacy data for that fragment.

What is the difference between BPC-157 and TB-500?

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids. Here, TB-500 means Ac-LKKTETQ: seven amino acids with an N-terminal acetyl group, weighing about 889 g/mol. Full-length TB-4 has 43 amino acids and weighs about 4.9 kDa. The trade name TB-500 alone does not distinguish them.

Can BPC-157 and TB-500 be taken together?

No reliable human evidence establishes an added benefit for Ac-LKKTETQ combined with BPC-157. A 2026 rat study found no added benefit, but did not report a sequence or analytical confirmation of the material it called TB-500.

Is TB-500 the same as thymosin beta-4?

Ac-LKKTETQ and full-length thymosin beta-4 are different molecules, although sellers sometimes use TB-500 for either. Clinical results for full-length TB-4 cannot be assigned to Ac-LKKTETQ. Results for unacetylated LKKTETQ also require separate interpretation.

Are BPC-157 and TB-500 banned in sport?

Yes, both at all times. BPC-157 is named in section S0 of the 2026 Prohibited List and has been since 1 January 2022. TB-500 is named in section S2.3, where substances are classified as non-specified.

Have BPC-157 and TB-500 been tested in people?

BPC-157 has two small uncontrolled case series and three registered trials, none with posted results in the reviewed records. No verified clinical study of Ac-LKKTETQ was identified. This does not mean that nobody has used a product labelled TB-500; it means those products lack assessable clinical evidence.

How long do BPC-157 and TB-500 stay in the body?

Animal studies put the half-life of BPC-157 below 30 minutes in rats and beagle dogs. For TB-500, a rat study found one breakdown fragment predominating during the first six hours and another detectable after 72 hours. These are animal measurements, and a metabolite’s detection time is not the parent peptide’s half-life.

What is in products sold as TB-500 or BPC-157?

Often not what the label says. A university racing laboratory reported that most samples labelled TB-500 contained no proteins, peptides or amino acids at all. For BPC-157, the FDA lists the identity of the material and its impurities as unresolved.

Sources

  1. Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, et al. (2017). Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. Journal of Molecular Medicine 95(3):323-333. PMID 27847966. DOI 10.1007/s00109-016-1488-y
  2. Duzel A, Vlainic J, Antunovic M, et al. (2017). Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats: new insights. World Journal of Gastroenterology 23(48):8465-8488. PMID 29358856. DOI 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8465
  3. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Lin MS, Hsu YH, Pang JH. (2011). The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. Journal of Applied Physiology 110(3):774-780. PMID 21030672. DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010
  4. Sikirić P, Mazul B, Seiwerth S, et al. (1997). Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 interactions with adrenergic and dopaminergic systems in mucosal protection in stress. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 42(3):661-671. PMID 9073154. DOI 10.1023/a:1018880000644
  5. PubChem. Compound CID 62707662, TB-500; CAS 885340-08-9, UNII QHK6Z47GTG, C38H68N10O14, 889.0 g/mol, InChIKey ADKDNDYYIZUVCZ-ZQNQAVPYSA-N. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/62707662
  6. Sosne G, Qiu P, Goldstein AL, Wheater M (2010). Biological activities of thymosin beta4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences. FASEB Journal 24(7):2144-2151. PMID 20179146. DOI 10.1096/fj.09-142307
  7. Rossenu S, Leyman S, Dewitte D, et al. (2003). A phage display-based method for determination of relative affinities of mutants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(19):16642–16650. PMID 12606551. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M208311200
  8. Philp D, Badamchian M, Scheremeta B, Nguyen M, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK (2003). Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice. Wound Repair and Regeneration 11(1):19-24. PMID 12581423. DOI 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11105.x
  9. Rahaman KA, Muresan AR, Min H, Son J, Han HS, Kang MJ, Kwon OS (2024). Simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro experiments and rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS and their screening by wound healing activities in-vitro. Journal of Chromatography B 1235:124033. PMID 38382158. DOI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124033
  10. Whitehouse M. (2025). Concerning BPC-157, a natural pentadecapeptide, that acts as a cytoprotectant and is believed to protect the gastro-intestinal tract. Inflammopharmacology 33(8):4879-4881. PMID 40759852. DOI 10.1007/s10787-025-01882-z
  11. Biçer O, Adanir O, Güleryüz Y, et al. (2026). Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: a histopathological and biomechanical study. Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 37(3):822-837. PMID 42542926. DOI 10.52312/jdrs.2026.2951
  12. Staresinic M, Sebecic B, Patrlj L, et al. (2003). Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 21(6):976-983. PMID 14554208. DOI 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00110-4
  13. Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, et al. (2006). Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 24(5):982-989. PMID 16583442. DOI 10.1002/jor.20096
  14. Staresinic M, Petrovic I, Novinscak T, et al. (2006). Effective therapy of transected quadriceps muscle in rat: gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 24(5):1109-1117. PMID 16609979. DOI 10.1002/jor.20089
  15. Sikirić P, Seiwerth S, Grabarević Z, et al. (1996). Beneficial effect of a novel pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric lesions induced by restraint stress, ethanol, indomethacin, and capsaicin neurotoxicity. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 41(8):1604-1614. PMID 8769287. DOI 10.1007/BF02087908
  16. Xue XC, Wu YJ, Gao MT, et al. (2004). Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology 10(7):1032-1036. PMID 15052688. DOI 10.3748/wjg.v10.i7.1032
  17. Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, et al. (2025). Emerging use of BPC-157 in orthopaedic sports medicine: a systematic review. HSS Journal 21(4):485-495. PMID 40756949. DOI 10.1177/15563316251355551
  18. Lee E, Padgett B. (2021). Intra-articular injection of BPC 157 for multiple types of knee pain. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 27(4):8-13. PMID 34324435
  19. Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. (2024). Effect of BPC-157 on symptoms in patients with interstitial cystitis: a pilot study. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 30(10):12-17. PMID 39325560
  20. ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Count query across six term variants for BPC-157, run 6 September 2026. Three registered studies are counted here; a fourth entry is excluded, see [22]. "PL 14736" and "PL14736" return zero records. https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=BPC-157
  21. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02637284, PCO-02 safety and pharmacokinetics trial. Sponsor PharmaCotherapia d.o.o. Last update 17 December 2015. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02637284
  22. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07437547, registry entry on BPC 157 for acute hamstring muscle strain repair; sponsor Hudson Biotech. The same sponsor filed further entries whose own summaries call them a mock study, an example record or a fictional study (NCT07481734, NCT07437560, NCT07487363), so this entry is not counted here as a registered trial. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07437547
  23. Lu P, Shan M, Peng C, Ji W, Yang T, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Wang Y (2025). Alkaline phosphatase-triggered spatiotemporal repair of corneal injury with TB500 peptide hydrogel. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 17(50):67503-67518. PMID 41359360. DOI 10.1021/acsami.5c14652
  24. US Food and Drug Administration. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks; entry "Thymosin beta-4, fragment (LKKTETQ), also known as TB-500", listed under bulk drug substances nominated but withdrawn. Content current as of 22 April 2026, retrieved 6 September 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
  25. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT07487363, sponsor Hudson Biotech, self-described fictional example; excluded as clinical evidence. Checked 30 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07487363
  26. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02974907, ARISE-2, RGN-259 in dry eye disease, phase 3, n = 601; results section, both co-primary endpoints. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02974907
  27. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03937882, ARISE-3, RGN-259 in dry eye disease, phase 3, n = 700; results section, both co-primary endpoints. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03937882
  28. Sosne G, Ousler GW, Dunn SP, et al. (2022). Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-masked phase III trial of 0.1% RGN-259 (thymosin β4) eye drops in neurotrophic keratopathy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(1):554. PMID 36613994. DOI 10.3390/ijms24010554
  29. Sikiric P, Sever M, Krezic I, et al. (2024). New studies with stable gastric pentadecapeptide protecting gastrointestinal tract. Inflammopharmacology 32(5):3119-3161. PMID 38980576. DOI 10.1007/s10787-024-01499-8
  30. US Food and Drug Administration. Certain bulk drug substances for use in compounding that may present significant safety risks. Content current as of 22 April 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
  31. McGuire FP, Martinez R, Lenz A, Skinner L, Cushman DM. (2025). Regeneration or risk? A narrative review of BPC-157 for musculoskeletal healing. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 18(12):611-619. PMID 40789979. DOI 10.1007/s12178-025-09990-7
  32. Mendias CL, Awan TM. (2026). Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal injuries and athletic performance. Sports Medicine 56(8):1921-1935. PMID 41966639. DOI 10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0
  33. Racing Medication and Testing Consortium. Thymosin β4 bulletin, version 2.0 (2013); findings of the Kenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Laboratory, University of California-Davis, and ARCI classification advice. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://rmtcnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2013-07-TB-500-Bulletin-v-2.0-Final.pdf
  34. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2024) Instrument 2024. Authorised version F2024L00589, signed 28 May 2024, effective 1 June 2024. Schedule 4 entry and Appendix D, clause 5, item 5. https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/aus227554.pdf
  35. Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026, authorised version F2026L00633, registered 28 May 2026, in force 1 June 2026; Schedule 4 entries "# TB-500." and "# THYMOSIN BETA 4 (THYMOSIN β4)." with Appendix D clause 5 items 35 and 36. The same two entries appear in the June 2024 instrument F2024L00589 as items 34 and 35. Full text of both extracted 6 September 2026.
  36. World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA publishes 2022 Prohibited List. Approved by the Executive Committee on 14 September 2021, effective 1 January 2022. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/news/wada-publishes-2022-prohibited-list
  37. World Anti-Doping Agency. The 2026 Prohibited List, International Standard; sections S0 and S2.3 reviewed in full. Wording verified 6 September 2026 from the official promulgation, BGBl. III Nr. 219/2025, issued 30 December 2025. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list
  38. US Food and Drug Administration (2026). Evaluation of TB-500-related Bulk Drug Substances. Chemical identity, clinical evidence and two unevaluated blend reports, pp. 7–10 and 22–30. Checked 30 September 2026. https://www.fda.gov/media/193349/download

Further reading

Last reviewed: September 2026

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