Eloralintide vs Cagrilintide: differences, evidence and safety
Answer first
Eloralintide and cagrilintide are both long-acting copies of amylin, a fullness hormone from the pancreas, and both are experimental drugs approved nowhere. Eloralintide, from Eli Lilly, favours the amylin receptor; cagrilintide, from Novo Nordisk, also switches on the calcitonin receptor. Beyond one rat study, no direct comparison could be found, so their trial figures cannot be ranked.
At a glance
How they work
Both substances copy amylin, a hormone that the pancreas releases together with insulin. Amylin slows the stomach, damps the release of glucagon and sends a fullness signal to the brainstem [1], [2]. Its receptor is a pair of proteins: a calcitonin receptor joined to one of three helper proteins. That gives three variants, named AMY1, AMY2 and AMY3 [2], [3].
Natural amylin acts for minutes and clumps easily into fibres. Both drugs were rebuilt to avoid that. Both carry a fatty acid chain that makes them cling to albumin, a carrier protein in the blood [1], [4].
Eloralintide
- It prefers AMY1. In cells built to carry one receptor each, it activated the human AMY1 receptor 12-fold more strongly than the calcitonin receptor. The margin over the AMY3 receptor was 11-fold [2].
- The preference is deliberate. It is the point of the design, and reviews file eloralintide among the selective amylin receptor agonists [2], [5].
- Its chemistry. A chain of 37 building blocks whose ring is closed by a methylene thioether rather than the usual disulfide bridge. A twenty-carbon fatty acid chain stretches its action to about a week [1], [6].
- Its developer. Eli Lilly, under the code LY3841136. No measured half-life could be found in the published papers [1], [7].
Cagrilintide
- It switches on both receptor types. It activates all three amylin receptors and also the calcitonin receptor on its own. The literature therefore calls it a dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist, shortened to DACRA [8], [3].
- The route to the weight effect. Mice bred without two of the helper proteins responded far less to it, which points to the AMY1 and AMY3 receptors [9].
- Its chemistry. A chain of 37 amino acids with one internal disulfide bridge and a fatty diacid chain on the first building block [10].
- Its developer and duration. Novo Nordisk, under the code NNC0174-0833. The body needs 159 to 195 hours, roughly seven to eight days, to clear half a dose [4], [11].
The core difference is the calcitonin receptor. Cagrilintide switches it on as readily as the amylin receptors, while eloralintide leaves it largely alone [2], [5]. Whether that matters in people is open. Two 2026 reviews ask whether eating less reflects genuine fullness or a mild feeling of sickness, and receptor preference may decide it [5], [12].
What the studies show
Head-to-head in rats: taste aversion
Head-to-head, animal One published experiment gave both substances within the same study. Lean rats given eloralintide developed significantly less conditioned taste aversion than rats given cagrilintide (p < 0.05). Taste aversion means an animal learns to avoid a flavour it links with feeling unwell [2].
The experiment comes from eloralintide's developer; all its authors are employees of Eli Lilly. It is animal data and does not transfer to people [2].
No study in people that compares eloralintide and cagrilintide directly could be found in the published record reviewed for this page.
An indirect comparison
Network meta-analysis A 2026 analysis pooled six randomised trials with 4,642 adults who had overweight or obesity and no diabetes. It compared amylin-based treatments indirectly, across separate trials of 12 to 68 weeks [13].
High-dose eloralintide came to minus 18.01% against placebo. Cagrilintide appears in the reported figures as CagriSema, its combination with semaglutide, at minus 17.18% for the high dose [13]. The authors call their evidence sparse and of low certainty. An indirect comparison is not a head-to-head trial [13].
Everything below comes from separate trials. They enrolled different people, gave different doses, measured different endpoints and ran for different lengths of time. Their numbers cannot be set against each other.
Weight: eloralintide on its own
Phase 2 RCT The central trial enrolled 263 adults without type 2 diabetes at 46 American centres and ran for 48 weeks against placebo. It tested four fixed dose levels and two step-up groups [14].
Average weight fell by 9%, 12%, 18% and 20% from the lowest to the highest fixed level. The two step-up groups reached 20% and 16%, against 0.4% on placebo [14]. Between 71.55% and 97.50% of treated participants lost at least 5% of their weight, against 31.21% on placebo [15].
Phase 1 RCT An earlier 12-week study in 100 adults with overweight or obesity recorded weight falls of 2.6% to 11.3% across the dose groups [7].
Weight: cagrilintide on its own
Phase 2 RCT The largest published trial of cagrilintide alone enrolled 706 adults without diabetes. After 26 weeks, weight had fallen by 6.0% to 10.8% across five dose levels, against 3.0% on placebo [16]. At the highest level, the 10.8% exceeded the approved drug liraglutide at 9.0% [16].
Phase 2 RCT A much smaller trial gave cagrilintide alone to 30 adults with type 2 diabetes for 32 weeks and recorded 8.1% [17].
Meta-analysis Across four trials with 5,023 participants, cagrilintide on its own reduced weight by 6.08% more than placebo [18].
The widely quoted 20.4% over 68 weeks, from REDEFINE 1, belongs to the combination with semaglutide, not to cagrilintide alone [19]. Late-stage trials of cagrilintide on its own, the RENEW series, were still running in September 2026 [20].
Blood sugar
Phase 2 RCT A trial in 92 adults with type 2 diabetes ran for 32 weeks. Long-term blood sugar fell by 2.2 percentage points on the combination, 1.8 on semaglutide alone and 0.9 on cagrilintide alone [17]. A pooled analysis found no reliable effect of cagrilintide alone on long-term blood sugar [18].
No results For eloralintide, no published blood sugar result could be found. ENLIGHTEN-2, a phase 3 trial in 1,035 adults with type 2 diabetes, is planned to finish in February 2028 [21]. A phase 2 trial with tirzepatide in 367 adults with type 2 diabetes had posted no results [22].
Heart and circulation
Narrative review A review of the early eloralintide studies describes falls in pulse, blood pressure, inflammation markers and blood lipids. It contrasts the fall in pulse with GLP-1 medicines, which raise the heart rate. The underlying numbers are not in the accessible abstracts [23].
Phase 1, dedicated study A cagrilintide study built to check the heart's electrical recovery found no effect of clinical importance at the highest dose tested [24]. No dedicated study of this kind for eloralintide could be found in the trial register [25].
No completed trial counting heart attacks and strokes could be found for either drug [23]. For cagrilintide, REDEFINE 3 is counting such events for the combination in 7,101 people and is not due to finish before October 2027 [20].
How far development has come
Registry Eloralintide has 22 registered trials, with Eli Lilly as the lead sponsor of every one. Five are phase 3 trials of the ENLIGHTEN programme, with planned completion between February 2028 and July 2030 [25].
Registry Cagrilintide was first given to people in 2014 and has run through more than fifty registered trials [20]. The manufacturer lists cagrilintide alone as in phase 3 and CagriSema as filed for obesity [26].
What remains open for both
- Long-term effects of either drug alone. Published eloralintide results reach 48 weeks. For cagrilintide alone, the late-stage RENEW results had not been published [14], [20].
- Weight after stopping. No published data could be found for eloralintide. For cagrilintide, a phase 3 trial of weight change after stopping treatment was still running [20].
- Pregnancy, breastfeeding and children. No data could be found for either. The cagrilintide trial in children and adolescents is scheduled to finish in 2033. An eloralintide interaction study with an oral contraceptive had not started [20], [27].
- Fullness or feeling unwell. Whether reduced eating reflects ordinary fullness or aversion is unanswered in humans for the whole class [5].
Safety
Every figure below comes from trials run by the respective manufacturer. No authority has approved either drug, so neither has an assessed package leaflet, official warnings or contraindications [28], [29]. The two lists are not a ranking.
Eloralintide
- Nausea did not follow the dose. Over 48 weeks it ran 11%, 13%, 64%, 33%, 54% and 25% across the six groups, against 14% on placebo. The paper does not explain the peak at the third fixed level [14].
- Fatigue tracked the dose more tidily. It ran 0%, 13%, 29%, 43%, 46% and 21%, against 12% on placebo [14].
- The 12-week study looked gentler. Decreased appetite led at 19%, then headache at 12%, fatigue at 11%, diarrhoea at 10%, nausea at 8% and vomiting at 4% [7].
- Serious events. They occurred in 3 of 53 people on placebo, with no dose trend in the treated groups. No deaths occurred in either trial [15], [7].
- Kidney and liver impairment. Two studies with 28 and 36 participants were still running on 20 September 2026 [30].
Cagrilintide
- Stomach and bowel complaints led. In the 26-week trial they affected 41% to 63% on cagrilintide, against 32% on placebo. Nausea alone ran at 20% to 47%, against 18%. Most events were mild or moderate and passing [16].
- Reactions where the needle goes in came second in the same trial [16].
- Stopping treatment. In that trial 10% stopped, 4% of them because of side effects [16].
- Serious side effects. A pooled analysis of three trials with 3,545 people found them about 1.8 times as often on cagrilintide alone as on semaglutide (risk ratio 1.83) [31].
- Low blood sugar. No moderate or severe episodes were reported in the phase 2 diabetes trial [17].
- Kidney and liver function. After a single dose, blood levels differed little from normal. With four to fourteen people per group, the studies were too small to settle safety questions [32].
The calcitonin receptor is active in bone, and a study of cagrilintide's effect on bone turnover was still running in 2026 [20]. Natural amylin clumps into fibres. Cagrilintide was engineered to avoid this, but long-term human data confirming it could not be found [4], [33]. For eloralintide, no data specific to this question could be found [12].
Why this page lists no doses. No health authority has assessed either substance. No amount has therefore been declared acceptable outside a supervised trial. Trial groups therefore appear only as levels from lowest to highest, not as amounts.
Legal status
Neither substance is approved as a medicine in the United States, the European Union, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada or Switzerland. Both are in phase 3 [28], [29]. The manufacturer of cagrilintide lists CagriSema as filed for obesity without naming the authority or the date. A filed application is not an approval [26]. In sport, both are banned at all times under section S0 of the 2026 prohibited list, which covers substances without approval. Neither is named on it [34]. A detection method for cagrilintide was described in 2026 [35]. The monographs reflect the position on 20 September 2026 for eloralintide and 6 September 2026 for cagrilintide.
Used together?
The myPeptides blend directory lists no product that combines eloralintide and cagrilintide. Each appears in one entry with a different partner. Loretta pairs eloralintide with retatrutide, which acts on three metabolic hormone receptors. CagriSema, listed as Cagrilintide + Semaglutide, pairs cagrilintide with the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. Neither mixture is approved.
No study of eloralintide and cagrilintide given together could be found in the sources reviewed for this page. Both act on the same amylin receptor family [2], [3]. Their developers test them alongside other drugs: eloralintide with tirzepatide and with macupatide, cagrilintide with semaglutide [22], [36], [19].
The eloralintide combination trials had posted no results by 20 September 2026 [22], [36]. No study of the Loretta mixture itself could be found in the sources reviewed. The CagriSema results belong to the combination and say nothing about cagrilintide alone [19].
Frequently asked questions
Which is better, eloralintide or cagrilintide?
The evidence does not say. In a 48-week trial of 263 adults without type 2 diabetes, average weight fell by up to 20% on eloralintide. Cagrilintide was not part of that trial; in its own 26-week trial of 706 adults, cagrilintide alone lowered weight by 6.0% to 10.8%. No study in people comparing the two directly could be found.
Is eloralintide or cagrilintide safer?
No trial comparing their safety directly could be found. With both, stomach complaints such as nausea lead the side effects. In the eloralintide trial nausea peaked at 64% in one group, against 14% on placebo. In the cagrilintide trial it ran at 20% to 47%, against 18%. Neither drug has an approved label with official warnings.
What is the difference between eloralintide and cagrilintide?
Both copy the hormone amylin and carry a fatty acid chain that lets them act for about a week. Eloralintide, from Eli Lilly, activates the AMY1 receptor 12-fold more strongly than the calcitonin receptor. Cagrilintide, from Novo Nordisk, switches on the amylin receptors and the calcitonin receptor alike. Their chemistry differs too, down to the ring that closes the molecule.
Can eloralintide and cagrilintide be taken together?
No study of the two given together could be found, and the myPeptides blend directory lists no product combining them. Eloralintide appears there in Loretta, together with retatrutide. Cagrilintide appears in CagriSema, together with semaglutide. Neither mixture is approved anywhere.
Is eloralintide more selective than cagrilintide?
At the receptor level, yes. In cell tests eloralintide activated the human AMY1 receptor 12-fold more strongly than the calcitonin receptor, while cagrilintide activates both kinds. In lean rats, eloralintide caused significantly less conditioned taste aversion, a learned avoidance of a flavour, than cagrilintide. Whether this selectivity changes anything in people remains open.
Are eloralintide and cagrilintide approved anywhere?
No. Register checks in September 2026 found no approval for either in the United States, the European Union, Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada or Switzerland. Both are in phase 3. Cagrilintide's manufacturer lists the combination CagriSema as filed for obesity, and a filed application is not an approval.
Are eloralintide and cagrilintide banned in sport?
Yes, both at all times, in and out of competition. Neither is named on the 2026 prohibited list. Both fall under section S0, which covers every substance without current approval from a government health authority. A laboratory method for detecting cagrilintide was described in 2026.
Is CagriSema the same as cagrilintide?
No. Cagrilintide is one substance; CagriSema is its combination with the GLP-1 drug semaglutide. The widely quoted 20.4% weight loss over 68 weeks belongs to CagriSema. Cagrilintide alone reached 10.8% at its highest dose level over 26 weeks.
How long do eloralintide and cagrilintide last in the body?
The body needs 159 to 195 hours, roughly seven to eight days, to clear half a dose of cagrilintide. For eloralintide, no measured half-life could be found in the published papers; its fatty acid chain stretches its action to about a week. In both, the chain makes the drug cling to albumin, a carrier protein in the blood.
Sources
- World Health Organization (2024). Proposed INN: list 131, eloralintide / eloralintidum. WHO Drug Information vol. 38 no. 2, pages 322 f. Gives the systematic chemical name, the class description "amylin analogue", the molecular formula and the CAS number. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/international-nonproprietary-names-(inn)/pl131.pdf
- Briere DA, Qu H, Lansu K, He MM, Moyers JS, Coskun T, Long A, Allen D, O'Farrell L, Bowen B, Pratt E, Tidemann-Miller B, Tham LS, Ibriga H, Alsina-Fernandez J, Mather KJ, Haupt A, Bhattachar SN (2025). Eloralintide (LY3841136), a novel amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: from discovery to clinical proof of concept. Molecular Metabolism 102:102271. PMID 41109426. DOI 10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102271. Preclinical characterisation plus the single-dose part of the first-in-human study. All authors are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly.
- Structural and dynamic features of cagrilintide binding to calcitonin and amylin receptors (2025). Nature Communications. PMID 40204768. DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-58680-y
- Kruse T et al. (2021). Development of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analogue. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. PMID 34288673. DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00565
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- FDA Global Substance Registration System, substance "Eloralintide", UNII 73G3354J8W, UUID 12c3f8b0-e128-4930-bc67-85de2a39756f, queried 20 September 2026. Records the amino acid substitutions and the thioether ring closure. https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/
- Bhattachar S, Tham LS, Tidemann-Miller B, Ibriga H, Qu H, Briere DA, Haupt A, Mather KJ, Pratt E (2026). Eloralintide, a selective, long-acting amylin receptor agonist for treatment of obesity: phase 1 proof of concept. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 28(4):2651-2660. PMID 41559929. DOI 10.1111/dom.70439. The 12-week multiple-dose part of NCT05295940, 100 participants, three American centres. All authors are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly.
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- Cagrilintide lowers bodyweight through brain amylin receptors 1 and 3 (2025). EBioMedicine. PMID 40609154. DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105836
- FDA Global Substance Registration System. Substance record "Cagrilintide", UUID 524748b5-2a42-4b81-822e-35062e471925, UNII AO43BIF1U8; protein subtype amylin analog. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/api/v1/substances(524748b5-2a42-4b81-822e-35062e471925)?view=full
- Enebo LB et al. (2021). Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial (title given without its dose figure). The Lancet 397(10286):1736-1748. PMID 33894838. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00845-X
- Bailey CJ, Flatt PR, Conlon JM (2026). Long-acting amylin-related peptides as therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides 196:171480. PMID 41747885. DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2026.171480.
- Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Khalil I, Mahajan K, Dutta D, Banerjee M, Pappachan JM (2026). Novel amylin-based therapies for weight management in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: a network meta-analysis. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism 9(3):e70247. PMID 42175595. DOI 10.1002/edm2.70247. Six randomised trials, 4642 participants, 12 to 68 weeks. The authors describe the data as sparse and of low certainty.
- Billings LK, Hsia S, Bays H, Tidemann-Miller B, O'Hagan J, Tham LS, Butler A, Kazda C, Mather KJ, Coskun T (2025). Eloralintide, a selective amylin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity: a 48-week phase 2, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 406(10520):2631-2643, issue of 6 December 2025, published online 6 November 2025. PMID 41207310. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02155-5. Funded by Eli Lilly; six authors are employees and shareholders.
- ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06230523, with posted results. Phase 2 dose-finding trial, 263 participants, completed 14 August 2025, 46 American centres. Share with at least 5 per cent loss 31.21, 71.55, 87.12, 84.99, 92.72, 97.50, 90.80 per cent. Serious events 3/53, 3/28, 1/24, 1/28, 3/54, 2/24, 1/52; deaths 0 in all arms. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06230523
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- Frias JP et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide with once-weekly semaglutide in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial (title given without its dose figures). The Lancet 402(10403):720-730. PMID 37364590. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01163-7
- Cagrilintide and CagriSema for weight reduction and metabolic risk modification in overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026). Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders. PMID 42180166. DOI 10.1007/s40200-026-01942-3
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- ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Study records retrieved for the intervention terms cagrilintide, AM833, NNC0174-0833 and CagriSema, 53 entries in total, including NCT02300844, NCT05669755 (REDEFINE 3), NCT07220642 (RENEW 1), NCT07253285 and NCT07010432. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=cagrilintide
- ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07282600, ENLIGHTEN-2. Phase 3, 1035 participants with type 2 diabetes and a body mass index of at least 27, recruiting, started 15 December 2025, planned completion February 2028. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07282600
- ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06603571. Phase 2 trial of eloralintide and tirzepatide, alone or together, in 367 adults with type 2 diabetes; ten arms, active and not recruiting on 20 September 2026, no results posted. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06603571
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- Cagrilintide is not associated with clinically relevant QTc prolongation: a thorough QT study in healthy participants (2024). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 26:5919-5926. PMID 39279639. DOI 10.1111/dom.15951
- ClinicalTrials.gov API v2, query for the intervention "eloralintide OR LY3841136", run on 20 September 2026: 22 studies, 12 in phase 1, 5 in phase 2 and 5 in phase 3, with Eli Lilly and Company as lead sponsor of every one. https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=eloralintide+OR+LY3841136
- Novo Nordisk. Research and development pipeline; entries for CagriSema in obesity (filed), CagriSema in type 2 diabetes (phase 3) and cagrilintide in obesity (phase 3). Manufacturer communication, retrieved 6 September 2026. https://www.novonordisk.com/science-and-technology/r-d-pipeline.html
- ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07701083, NCT07738614 and NCT07808060. Phase 1 studies comparing two formulations, 58 participants, measuring gastric emptying, 56 participants, and testing interaction with a combined oral contraceptive, 34 participants and not yet recruiting. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07808060
- openFDA, Drugs@FDA and label endpoints, queried 20 September 2026 for the generic name eloralintide: both returned "No matches found". A control query for semaglutide in the same endpoint returned a record. https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:eloralintide
- openFDA. Drugs@FDA and label API queries for generic name "cagrilintide" and brand name "cagrisema"; all responses NOT_FOUND. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugsfda.json?search=openfda.generic_name:cagrilintide
- ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07426380 and NCT07401862. Phase 1 pharmacokinetic studies in kidney impairment, 28 participants, and in liver impairment, 36 participants. Both were still running on 20 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07426380
- Efficacy and safety of cagrilintide and cagrisema versus semaglutide as anti-obesity medications: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression (2026). Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. PMID 41834765. DOI 10.1111/dom.70667
- Renal or hepatic impairment does not affect pharmacokinetics, safety, or tolerability of subcutaneous cagrilintide (2026). Clinical Pharmacokinetics. PMID 42228334. DOI 10.1007/s40262-026-01654-0
- Amyloidogenicity of peptides targeting diabetes and obesity (2022). Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. PMID 34715595
- World Anti-Doping Agency. The 2026 Prohibited List, in force 1 January 2026. Class S0 Non-Approved Substances, read in full on 20 September 2026: "Any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times." A full-text search for "eloralintid", "amylin" and "calcitonin" returned nothing. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list
- In vitro metabolic profiling of weight-loss-inducing amylin receptor agonists in the context of preventive doping research (2026). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. PMID 41702251. DOI 10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117418
- ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07215559, NCT07589608 and NCT07765511. A phase 2 and a phase 2b trial of macupatide and eloralintide, alone or in combination, with 200 and 400 participants, plus a phase 1 study of the pair. No results posted on 20 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07215559