Mazdutide vs Tirzepatide: differences, evidence and safety
Answer first
Mazdutide switches on the receptors for two hormones, GLP-1 and glucagon, and only China has licensed it. Tirzepatide switches on the receptors for GIP and GLP-1. It is an approved prescription medicine in eight markets, including the United States and the European Union. No study comparing the two directly could be found, so their trial figures cannot be ranked.
At a glance
How they work
Both are peptides made in the laboratory, and both molecules were designed by the same company, Eli Lilly [1], [2]. Each carries a fatty acid chain of twenty carbons on the building block at position 20, a lysine. That chain makes the peptide cling to albumin, a carrier protein in the blood, so the body clears it slowly [1], [3], [2].
Mazdutide
- Two receptors, GLP-1 and glucagon. It is a chain of 34 amino acids that copies oxyntomodulin, a hormone the gut releases after a meal [1].
- The GLP-1 part. Switching this receptor on prompts insulin release when blood sugar is high, slows the stomach down and dampens appetite [4].
- The glucagon part. The idea is that it raises the energy the body burns and makes the liver burn more fat. A direct measurement of this in people could not be found in the published trials [5].
- Both routes seem to count. In laboratory animals weight still fell when either receptor was disabled. How much each one adds in humans remains an assumption [5], [4].
Tirzepatide
- Two receptors, GIP and GLP-1. It is a chain of 39 amino acids built on the template of GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), another gut hormone [2].
- Stomach and appetite. Switching on the GLP-1 receptor slows the emptying of the stomach and makes people eat less [2].
- Insulin and glucagon. According to the label, the body releases more insulin and less glucagon, the hormone that pushes blood sugar up. Both effects only come into play when blood sugar is high [2].
The GLP-1 receptor is shared. The second target is the core difference: tirzepatide adds GIP, mazdutide adds glucagon itself. A trial that separates what each receptor contributes in people could not be found for either drug [5], [2].
The body takes about five days to clear half a dose of tirzepatide [2]. For mazdutide the figure varies widely. In an early study of 24 participants it ranged from 174.8 to 1,075.7 hours, that is 7.3 to 44.8 days [3].
What the studies show
No study that compares mazdutide and tirzepatide directly could be found in the published record reviewed for this page. Mazdutide's head-to-head trial DREAMS-3 uses semaglutide as the comparator, not tirzepatide, and by 10 September 2026 no results from it could be found [6].
Everything below therefore comes from separate trials. They enrolled different people, gave different doses, measured different endpoints and ran for different lengths of time. Their numbers cannot be set against each other. Almost every mazdutide participant so far has been Chinese; the American mid-stage trial enrolled 179 people [7].
Weight in adults with obesity
Phase 3 RCT GLORY-1 randomised 610 Chinese adults to one of two mazdutide dose levels or a dummy injection. By week 48 the two treated groups had lost 11.00% and 14.01% of body weight, while the placebo group gained 0.30% [8].
Phase 3 RCT GLORY-2 enrolled 461 Chinese adults with obesity. After 60 weeks the mazdutide group had lost 16.65% of body weight, against 1.50% on placebo [9].
Phase 2 RCT A mid-stage mazdutide trial in the United States enrolled 179 American adults. At week 32 the three treated groups had lost 7.3%, 15.6% and 18.1%, against 0.9% on placebo. In the highest dose group, 20% stopped because of side effects [7].
Phase 3 RCT SURMOUNT-1 allocated 2,539 adults with obesity and without diabetes at random to tirzepatide or a dummy injection for 72 weeks. Average weight fell by 15.0%, 19.5% and 20.9% across the three doses tested, against 3.1% on placebo [10].
Meta-analysis A 2026 review pooled nine randomised mazdutide trials with 2,292 participants. It rated the weight evidence in people without diabetes as very low in certainty, because the trials were few and differed widely. In type 2 diabetes the evidence was graded moderate [11].
Weight and blood sugar in type 2 diabetes
Both drugs were tested on glycated haemoglobin, a blood value that reflects average blood sugar over the past two to three months.
Phase 3 RCT DREAMS-1 enrolled 320 Chinese adults whose diabetes was not controlled by diet and exercise. From a starting value of 8.24%, the reading fell by 1.57 and 2.15 percentage points over 24 weeks, against 0.14 on placebo. Weight fell by 5.61% and 7.81%, against 1.26% [12].
Phase 3 RCT SURPASS-1 enrolled 478 adults with type 2 diabetes who had not yet taken any diabetes medicine. After 40 weeks the value fell by 1.87 to 2.07 points from a starting level of 7.9%. On placebo it crept up by 0.04 points [13].
Phase 3 RCT SURMOUNT-2 enrolled 938 adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. By week 72 the two tirzepatide groups had lost 12.8% and 14.7% of their weight [14].
Against the same older drug, dulaglutide
Each drug has been tested against dulaglutide, an established weekly injection, but in trials that asked different questions.
Phase 3 RCT, active comparator DREAMS-2 enrolled 731 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes already taking tablets for it. Over 28 weeks both mazdutide doses lowered blood sugar more than dulaglutide, by 0.24 points (p = 0.0032) and 0.30 points (p = 0.0003). Stomach and bowel problems were more common on mazdutide [15].
Phase 3 RCT, active comparator SURPASS-CVOT followed 13,299 adults with type 2 diabetes and hardened arteries for a median of 210.1 weeks. A serious heart event occurred in 12.2% on tirzepatide and 13.1% on dulaglutide [16].
That is a risk 8% lower (hazard ratio 0.92), but the range compatible with the data, 0.83 to 1.01, included no difference at all. Tirzepatide proved no worse than dulaglutide (p = 0.003); being better was tested and not shown (p = 0.09) [16].
One trial measured blood sugar over 28 weeks, the other heart events over roughly four years. The shared comparator does not turn them into a comparison of mazdutide with tirzepatide.
Against semaglutide
Phase 3 RCT, open-label SURPASS-2 enrolled 1,879 adults with type 2 diabetes already taking metformin. The blood sugar value fell by 2.01, 2.24 and 2.30 points across the three tirzepatide doses, compared with 1.86 points on semaglutide [17].
Phase 3 RCT, open-label SURMOUNT-5 compared tirzepatide with semaglutide in 751 adults with obesity and without diabetes. At week 72 average weight loss was 20.2% against 13.7%. Everyone knew which drug was being given, which can colour how results are judged [18].
No results yet DREAMS-3 compares mazdutide with semaglutide in 349 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Its main measurement date passed on 17 September 2025, but by 10 September 2026 only the design and baseline paper could be found [6].
Heart
Phase 3 RCT SUMMIT followed 731 people with obesity and the stiff form of heart failure for a median of 104 weeks. Heart death or worsening heart failure occurred in 9.9% on tirzepatide and 15.3% on placebo (hazard ratio 0.62, range 0.41 to 0.95) [19].
For mazdutide, no heart or kidney outcome trial could be found, either published or, on the evidence of the registry, started [11], [20].
Liver
Phase 2 RCT SYNERGY-NASH treated 190 adults for 52 weeks whose fatty liver had become inflamed and scarred (fibrosis F2 or F3). Of these, 157 had an assessable follow-up tissue sample. Among them, the inflammation cleared without worse scarring in 44%, 56% and 62% on tirzepatide, against 10% on placebo [21].
Animal data Forty-two male mice were fed a high-fat diet for 13 weeks, then treated for four weeks. Liver fat on a scan fell further on mazdutide than on a single-hormone comparator, by a middle value of 5.59% against 3.30% [22]. No human liver-fat results for mazdutide could be found; trials in fatty liver are running in China [20].
Keeping the weight off
Phase 3 RCT, randomised withdrawal SURMOUNT-4 first gave all 670 adults with obesity tirzepatide openly for 36 weeks. Between week 36 and week 88 those who carried on lost a further 5.5%, while those switched to placebo regained 14.0% [23].
No published mazdutide trial longer than 60 weeks could be found, nor any report of what happens to weight after the injections stop [9].
Outcomes studied for only one of the two
- Tirzepatide and sleep apnoea. SURMOUNT-OSA enrolled 469 adults with obesity and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea. By week 52 breathing interruptions fell by 20.0 and 23.8 events per hour of sleep more than on placebo [24].
- Mazdutide in special groups. Trials in sleep apnoea and in adolescents are running in China. Trials in impaired kidney and liver function are complete or running; no results from them could be found by 10 September 2026 [20].
Safety
The two safety records come from different kinds of source. Tirzepatide's figures come from approved US product information that pools its weight-loss trials. Mazdutide's come from published trials run almost entirely in China. The lists below are therefore not a ranking.
Mazdutide. The main figures come from GLORY-2, the longest trial, comparing the treated group with placebo [9].
- Stomach and bowel. Vomiting affected 53.1% against 1.3%, nausea 46.9% against 3.2% and diarrhoea 39.4% against 6.5%. Most cases were described as mild or moderate [9].
- Stopping treatment. Side effects ended participation for 2.9% in GLORY-2, against none on placebo. In the highest American dose group the figure was 20% [9], [7].
- A faster pulse. In a Chinese mid-stage trial the pulse rose by 5.82, 5.38 and 8.75 beats per minute across three dose levels, against 4.81 on placebo. In an early high-dose study the rise reached 17.4 beats per minute [25], [3].
- No quotable warnings list. The only approved product information is Chinese and was not publicly retrievable on 10 September 2026. No list of contraindications can therefore be given here.
- Products outside China. The American regulator names mazdutide among substances sold illegally under research labelling [26].
Tirzepatide. The pooled weight-loss trials covered 3,477 people on the drug [27].
- Stomach and bowel. Nausea affected 25–29% against 8% on placebo, diarrhoea 19–23% against 8%, vomiting 8–13% against 2% and constipation 11–17% against 5% [27].
- Stopping treatment. Side effects led 4.8–6.7% of participants to stop, against 3.4% on placebo [27].
- Boxed warning. In rats, tirzepatide causes tumours in the C-cells of the thyroid gland, more often at higher doses and longer exposure. Whether this applies to people is unknown [2], [27].
- Who must not take it. People with medullary thyroid cancer, personally or in the family, or with the inherited condition multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 [2], [27].
- Further label warnings. Pancreas inflammation, kidney damage from fluid loss, gallbladder trouble, low blood sugar alongside insulin and worsening diabetic eye disease [2], [27].
Why this page lists no doses. Tirzepatide is prescription-only wherever it is approved. Mazdutide is a prescription medicine in China and an unapproved experimental drug everywhere else. Choosing an amount belongs to the product information and the prescribing doctor, or to a supervised trial. This page therefore names doses only by their rank among those tested, never as an amount.
Legal status
Mazdutide is licensed only in China, for long-term weight management since June 2025 and for type 2 diabetes since September 2025 [28]. The American, European, British and Canadian registers held no entry for it [29], [30], [31], [32]. Tirzepatide is an approved, prescription-only medicine in eight markets. The United States cleared it on 13 May 2022 and the European Union on 15 September 2022 [33], [34]. Neither drug is on the 2026 prohibited list in sport. Tirzepatide has been on the penalty-free monitoring programme since 1 January 2026 [35], [36]. For mazdutide, a full-text search of the list found no mention [37]. The monographs reflect the position on 10 and 6 September 2026 respectively.
Used together?
The myPeptides blend directory lists no product that combines mazdutide and tirzepatide. No study of the two drugs given together could be found in the sources reviewed for this page.
Both already act on the same GLP-1 receptor [1], [2]. More detail on each drug is in the monographs on mazdutide and tirzepatide.
Frequently asked questions
Which is better, mazdutide or tirzepatide?
The evidence does not say, because no trial comparing the two could be found. In GLORY-2, 461 Chinese adults with obesity lost 16.65% of body weight on mazdutide over 60 weeks. Tirzepatide was not part of that trial; in SURMOUNT-1, 2,539 adults with obesity and without diabetes lost up to 20.9% over 72 weeks. Different people, doses and trial lengths mean the figures cannot be ranked.
Is mazdutide or tirzepatide safer?
No trial comparing their safety could be found. Tirzepatide's record comes from approved US product information and a heart trial of 13,299 people. It carries a boxed warning about thyroid tumours in rats. Mazdutide's record comes from trials run almost entirely in China, with no published follow-up beyond 60 weeks, and includes a faster pulse. With both drugs, stomach and bowel complaints are the most common.
What is the difference between mazdutide and tirzepatide?
Both switch on the GLP-1 receptor. Mazdutide adds the receptor for glucagon and copies the gut hormone oxyntomodulin; tirzepatide adds the receptor for GIP and is built on that hormone. Mazdutide is licensed only in China, while tirzepatide is an approved prescription medicine in eight markets.
Can mazdutide and tirzepatide be taken together?
No study of the two drugs given together could be found, and the myPeptides blend directory lists no combination of them. Both act on the GLP-1 receptor. Mazdutide is licensed only in China, and tirzepatide is available only on prescription.
Has mazdutide been tested against tirzepatide?
No such trial could be found in the sources reviewed. Mazdutide's head-to-head trial DREAMS-3 compares it with semaglutide in 349 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity; by 10 September 2026 only its design paper could be found. Both drugs have been tested against dulaglutide, but in separate trials that measured different things.
Is mazdutide approved in the United States or Europe?
No. China licensed it in June 2025 for long-term weight management and in September 2025 for type 2 diabetes. The American, European, British and Canadian registers held no entry for it on 10 September 2026. Tirzepatide, by contrast, has been approved in the United States since 13 May 2022 and in the European Union since 15 September 2022.
Are mazdutide and tirzepatide made by the same company?
Both molecules come from Eli Lilly. Tirzepatide carries the Lilly code LY3298176. Mazdutide was designed by Lilly under the code LY3305677 and licensed to Innovent Biologics for China, where it is called IBI362.
Are mazdutide and tirzepatide banned in sport?
Neither is on the 2026 prohibited list. A full-text search of the list found no mention of mazdutide. Tirzepatide has been on the monitoring programme since 1 January 2026, which carries no penalty.
How long do mazdutide and tirzepatide stay in the body?
The body takes about five days to clear half a dose of tirzepatide. For mazdutide the figure varies widely between people: in an early study of 24 participants it ranged from 7.3 to 44.8 days. In both, a fatty acid chain makes the peptide cling to albumin in the blood.
Sources
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- European Commission. Community Register of medicinal products for human use; no entry for "mazdutide", against five for semaglutide in the same document. Retrieved 10 September 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/reg_hum_act.htm
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