KPV: what the studies show, status and safety
Summary
KPV is a fragment of just three building blocks taken from the hormone alpha-MSH, and it is sold as a research peptide. Not a single study in people exists, and no safety testing has been done in any species at all. Animal work on inflamed bowels and on injured corneas does report effects, but nobody knows where in the cell the peptide acts, and the receptors that its parent hormone uses have been ruled out. No country has approved it.
Key findings at a glance
- Not one registered study in people. A search of the ClinicalTrials.gov registry on 6 September 2026 found no study of KPV under any of six different search terms [1]. The FDA came to the same conclusion on its own [2].
- No safety testing at all, in any species. Whether a single dose harms, whether repeated doses harm, whether the peptide damages genetic material, whether it affects fertility and offspring, whether it causes cancer: the FDA found a study on none of these questions [2].
- "FDA lacks important information regarding any safety issues raised by KPV." That sentence comes from the agency page listing raw substances that may pose a serious safety risk, and in plain words it means the FDA does not know what KPV does [3].
- It docks onto nothing, even at very high concentrations. Even at 1 mM, KPV could not push a marked test substance off the receptors of its parent hormone, and it set off no signal inside the cell [4], [5].
- Nothing measurable gets through skin on its own. Across donated human skin, the amount that crossed by itself stayed below the detection limit of 0.01 µg/ml [6].
- All 8 treated rabbit corneas had closed after 60 hours. With dummy drops, not one of the corneas had grown its surface layer back [7].
- Banned in sport around the clock. Class S0 of the 2026 Prohibited List catches KPV through its wording rather than by naming it [8].
What it is
KPV is a lab-made peptide of three building blocks, namely lysine, proline and valine. The very same short stretch sits at the tail end of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a hormone of 13 building blocks that the pituitary gland produces [2]. KPV is therefore positions 11 to 13 of a natural molecule rather than a new invention.
No pharmaceutical company ever developed it. Researchers grew interested in the sequence in the 1980s because it seemed to keep the calming effect of the parent hormone on inflammation without also darkening the skin [9]. Four decades on, there is still no development programme and no application for approval anywhere [2].
Quick facts
| Field | Value | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | KPV, also written as alpha-MSH(11–13) | [10] |
| Class | Lab-made peptide of three building blocks, a piece of a hormone the body makes itself | [2] |
| Sequence | Lys-Pro-Val | [10] |
| Formula and mass | C16H30N4O4, 342.43 g/mol, free base | [10] |
| Acetate salt mass | 402.5 g/mol | [2] |
| How long it lasts in the body | Never measured, in any species | [2] |
| How well it dissolves in water | 0.7 mg/ml, which the FDA names as a limit for making preparations | [2] |
| Status | Research chemical, approved nowhere | [2] |
| Developer | None | [2] |
| CAS registry number | 67727-97-3 | [10] |
| PubChem CID | 125672 | [10] |
| InChIKey | YSPZCHGIWAQVKQ-AVGNSLFASA-N | [10] |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:160254 | [10] |
| Official identifiers and drug names | None assigned | [2] |
What is known about shelf life comes from manufacturer certificates rather than from an official reference book. Put under stress with acid, alkali or peroxide, the peptide mostly breaks down into a small ring made of its first two building blocks [11]. Several papers on how to formulate the peptide open by stating that KPV on its own is unstable in solution [2].
How it works
Nobody has established how KPV works. The FDA states plainly that the molecules KPV would have to act on for any effect are still unknown [2]. What follows are hypotheses drawn from cells in dishes and from animals.
- Not through the receptors of the parent hormone. This is the firmest finding of all, and it is a negative one. In rat brain tissue, in mouse tumour cells and in immune cells, KPV could not push marked test substances off those receptors, and it set off no signal inside the cell [4], [5], [12]. It simply lacks the four-part core stretch that fits into them [13].
- A central inflammation switch. In mouse immune cells that had been stirred up, the peptide kept the master switch of inflammation, called NF-κB, from moving into the nucleus, and it worked best between 1 nM and 1 µM [4]. A study on airway cells suggested that KPV slips into the nucleus itself and props up the protein that holds that switch in check [14].
- Blocking a messenger of inflammation. Damping the action of the messenger substance interleukin-1β has been suggested as a second route, and the FDA lists it among the possible mechanisms [2], [5].
- A carrier in the gut wall. A carrier called PepT1, which normally ferries very short peptides into cells, may take KPV into the cells of the bowel [15]. In mice bred without that carrier, the effect on tumours no longer reached statistical significance, which the authors read as a sign that the peptide depends on it [16].
- A direct attack on bacterial skins. One report describes the peptide punching the outer skin of staphylococcus bacteria full of holes [17]. An earlier paper instead put the antibacterial effect down to a signalling molecule rising inside the microbe [18]. The two accounts contradict each other.
- Nitric oxide in the healing eye. When the rabbits were given a substance that blocks the production of nitric oxide, the healing effect disappeared, which the authors read as a sign that this gas is involved [7].
Alpha-MSH itself works through five melanocortin receptors and, in the very same experiments, does what KPV fails to do [4], [19]. The two behave like different substances that happen to share three building blocks.
What the studies found
Every result below comes from an animal or from cells in a dish. No study of any kind has ever given KPV to a person.
Counts as of 6 September 2026. The figure of 140 counts PubMed entries that mention KPV, Lys-Pro-Val or alpha-MSH(11–13); only some of them actually study the peptide itself. Sources [1], [2].
Gut inflammation
Animal data In the most frequently cited KPV paper, mice were given the peptide in their drinking water and developed milder bowel inflammation in two models where chemicals do the damage, known as DSS and TNBS. Neither model reproduces ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease as they occur in patients. In human gut cell lines, tiny amounts damped down two inflammation signalling routes, and the peptide appeared to enter through the carrier PepT1 [15].
Animal data A second group saw the effect point the same way in two further models of bowel inflammation, reporting that the animals recovered sooner, put on more weight and showed less of an enzyme that marks inflammation. In mice whose MC1 receptor does not work, every treated animal survived, which the authors read as a sign that the effect does not run through that receptor [20].
Animal data In a mouse model where long-standing bowel inflammation turns into cancer, KPV in the drinking water meant fewer tumours in normal animals; the concentration is in the dose table. In mice bred without the carrier PepT1, the number of tumours no longer differed meaningfully from untreated animals, and the tissue analysis rested on 6 animals per group. In a second model, where the tumours have a genetic cause, 13 weeks of treatment lowered the inflammation in the bowel but not the number of tumours [16].
Skin and general inflammation
Animal data The first report of an effect on inflammation used swollen mouse ears caused by contact with an irritant, and found that the swelling went down the more peptide was given, compared both with salt water and with a high dose of a steroid [21]. A follow-up study found bell-shaped curves, meaning that middle doses worked better than high ones [22].
Animal data One experiment sorted out which kinds of inflammation respond. Inflammation driven by three particular messenger substances was damped down, while inflammation driven by three others was not [23]. The effect is therefore not a blanket thrown over inflammation in general.
Eye
Animal data The corneas of rabbits were grazed on both eyes and then treated with drops four times a day. After 60 hours, all 8 corneas treated with KPV had grown their surface layer back completely, while not one had done so in the dummy group [7]. A substance that blocks the production of nitric oxide wiped the effect out.
Grazed rabbit corneas, drops four times a day over four days, 8 corneas in the KPV group. Source [7].
Brain injury
Animal data After a controlled blow to the exposed brain of mice, a single injection into the belly left a smaller area of follow-on damage and fewer dying nerve cells than salt water did, with 10 animals per group. In the very same paper, two inflammation messengers and the total number of immune cells in the brain did not fall; only one measure of how strongly those cells had switched on did [24].
Fever and appetite
Animal data In rabbits given a fever-inducing substance, the peptide brought the temperature down whether it was given into the brain or into the body, though less strongly than the complete hormone did [25]. In rats, a dose injected directly into the brain fluid stopped the loss of appetite caused by a messenger of inflammation, but only at the higher of the two doses tried [26].
Microbiology
In vitro Against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, the fragment killed more than 90% of the cells at higher concentrations and about 50% of them at very low ones, while the piece from the other end of the hormone did nothing at all [17]. For the yeast Candida albicans, fewer cells survived and fewer of them sprouted [18].
Negative and null findings
In vitro In whole human blood, KPV did not calm down the allergy cells called basophils. That effect ran through the MC1 receptor and came from alpha-MSH and from ACTH, explicitly not from the short peptides, which lack the central active stretch [19].
In vitro Across thinly sliced donated human skin, the amount that crossed on its own stayed below the detection limit of 0.01 µg/ml. Tiny needles pushed 4.4 µg per square centimetre and hour through, and a weak electric current pushed even more [6]. The FDA draws a conclusion that cuts both ways: a cream may well do no harm to the rest of the body, and equally may do nothing at all [2].
In vitro A 2018 study of chemically altered versions found no effect against microbes whatsoever, neither for the capped form of the peptide nor for the sugar-carrying variants, under several different conditions [27].
What is still unknown
- Whether anything seen in mice, rats or rabbits also happens in a person. There are no data from people by any route [2].
- What the peptide actually acts on. The receptors of the parent hormone are ruled out, and the carrier PepT1 explains how it gets into gut cells rather than what it does anywhere else [2], [16].
- How long it lasts, where it goes, how it is broken down and how it leaves the body. No such study exists in any species [2].
- Whether it provokes the immune system, and in particular whether antibodies against it could also switch off the natural parent hormone [2].
- Whether the material traded commercially is really what the label says. Two chemically different forms are sold under one and the same registry number [2].
Side effects and safety
There is no list of side effects, because there is no documented use in people. That nothing has been reported is not evidence that nothing happens.
- No reports of side effects. The FDA database for suspected drug reactions held no KPV report up to 3 December 2025, and its complaints system for foods none since 2004 [2]. Pharmacies that compound preparations mostly do not report to the agency at all, so that silence carries little weight [2].
- No safety testing whatsoever. Five separate safety headings in the FDA assessment carry the very same sentence: no studies found [2].
- Nobody has tested the immune response. Peptides can trigger antibodies, with consequences ranging from nothing at all to life-threatening. The particular worry here is that such antibodies might also switch off the body's own alpha-MSH [2].
- Nobody has tested whether it clumps together. The agency notes that even peptides of two building blocks can clump. No data on KPV address the question [2].
- The chemistry is not properly pinned down. The FDA points to naming that follows no established standard and to test certificates that give a purity figure without saying which impurities are allowed [2].
- More does not mean better. The bell-shaped curves in mice mean that higher doses worked more weakly than middle ones [22]. With no known target and no human data on uptake, no sensible dose range can be worked out.
That the peptide is a natural fragment says nothing about its safety. The parent sequence does occur in the body, but a manufactured preparation of unknown purity, given by a route nobody has studied, is a completely different matter [2].
Doses used in studies
These are the doses used in the cited studies, listed for reference. They are not a recommendation.
Every line in the table comes from an animal or from cells in a dish. The routes differ sharply from line to line, and findings do not carry over between them: drinking, injecting and applying to the surface were studied in separate models with separate measurements.
| Study | Model | Dose | Route | Duration | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richards 1984, induced fever | Rabbit | 0.5–2.0 mg into the brain; 2–200 mg into the body, total dose | Into the brain and into the body | Once | [25] |
| Hiltz 1989, ear swelling | Mouse | Several dose steps, not given in numbers in the abstract | Into the body | Once | [21] |
| Hiltz 1991, mirror-image variants | Mouse | Several dose steps, with a bell-shaped response | Injected into the belly | Read after 3 and 6 hours | [22] |
| Uehara 1992, loss of appetite | Rat | 0.5 and 5.0 pmol | Into the fluid spaces of the brain | Once | [26] |
| Cutuli 2000, effect on microbes | S. aureus, C. albicans | Still worked at extremely low concentrations | Added to the culture medium | Once | [18] |
| Mandrika 2001, immune cells | RAW 264.7 cells | 1 nM to 1 µM; nothing displaced even at 1 mM | Cells in a dish | Once | [4] |
| Bonfiglio 2006, cornea | Rabbit | 1, 5 or 10 mg/ml, 30 µl per drop, two drops four times daily | Topical eye drops | 4 days | [7] |
| Bonfiglio 2006, corneal cells | Surface cells of the rabbit cornea | 0.1, 1 and 10 µM; an effect at 1 and 10 µM | Cells in a dish | 1, 6 and 24 hours | [7] |
| Dalmasso 2008, bowel inflammation | Mouse | In the drinking water; very low concentrations in the dish | By mouth | Throughout the induced inflammation | [15] |
| Laroui 2010, tiny carrier particles | Mouse | 12,000 times lower concentration than the plain solution | By mouth, packed into a gel | Not given in the abstract | [28] |
| Schaible 2013, brain injury | Mouse | 1 mg/kg | Injected into the belly | Once, 30 minutes after the blow | [24] |
| Viennois 2016, cancer after bowel inflammation | Mouse | 100 µmol/l in the drinking water | By mouth | Until 18 weeks of age | [16] |
| Pawar 2017, passage through skin | Donated human skin | Below 0.01 µg/ml on its own; 4.4 µg/cm²/h with tiny needles | Through the skin | Applied once | [6] |
| Sung 2025, skin cells | HaCaT cells and a three-dimensional skin model | 50 µg/ml | Cells in a dish | Not given in the abstract | [29] |
| An 2026, fat cells | 3T3-L1 mouse cells | 100 µg/ml in the dish | Cells in a dish, and by mouth | Not given in the abstract | [30] |
| Lee 2026, liver cells | HepG2 cells | 100 µg/ml | Cells in a dish | Not given in the abstract | [31] |
The doses in this table run from vanishingly small amounts up to hundreds of milligrams, across species and routes that cannot be compared with one another. No authority has set a dose, because no product is licensed anywhere.
Development and approval status
From first description to the 2026 committee vote
- 1984First description as a fragment that lowers feverStudied in rabbits, ref [25]
- 1989First anti-inflammatory report in miceContact ear swelling, ref [21]
- 1994-2003Three independent groups rule out the receptors of the parent hormoneRefs [4], [5], [12]
- 2008Bowel inflammation models and the idea of uptake through a carrierTwo groups, refs [15], [20]
- 2016Work on cancer after bowel inflammation; no effect in mice without the carrierRef [16]
- 2017Passage through skin measured below the detection limitDonated human skin, ref [6]
- 12 May 2026FDA assessment argues against putting KPV on the compounding listBriefing document of 31 pages, ref [2]
- 23 July 2026Advisory committee votes the other way, without binding forceReported as 8 to 6 with one abstention, refs [32], [33]
- 1984 — the fragment is described for the first time, as a weaker fever reducer than the parent hormone [25].
- 1989 to 1992 — the Lipton group publishes its series of mouse experiments on inflammation [21], [22], [23].
- 1994 to 2003 — three independent groups report that the receptors of the parent hormone are not the target [4], [5], [12].
- 2008 to 2016 — the Merlin group publishes its work on bowel inflammation and the gut carrier [15], [16].
- 2010 onwards — research shifts towards delivery systems that use KPV as a test substance [28].
- 12 May 2026 — an FDA assessment argues against putting KPV on the list of substances pharmacies may compound [2].
- 23 July 2026 — an advisory committee votes in favour of listing it, against that proposal [32], [33].
| Market | Status | Note | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Not approved | Decision on the compounding list still open | [2], [33] |
| European Union | Not approved | No entry in the official reference book | [2] |
| Germany | Not approved | No special permission | [2] |
| United Kingdom | Not approved | Not separately checked | [2] |
| Australia | Not classified | Not named anywhere | [34] |
| Canada | Not approved | Not separately checked | [2] |
| Switzerland | Not approved | Not separately checked | [2] |
| Japan | Not approved | No entry in the official reference book | [2] |
The vote in July is the point people misread most often. Advisory committees only give advice, putting a raw substance on a list is not the same as approving a medicine, and any change would still have to go through formal rulemaking [33], [35]. As of 6 September 2026, KPV is not on that list. Between January 2017 and June 2025, no registered compounding facility reported making a KPV product at all [2].
Where the table says not separately checked, that rests on the fact that no authorisation exists anywhere in the world rather than on a search of that particular national register.
Anti-doping
KPV is banned in sport at all times, both in and out of competition. It is not printed on the 2026 Prohibited List by name; it falls under class S0, which covers "any pharmacological substance which is not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the List and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use" [8]. In plain words, that covers anything drug-like that no health authority anywhere allows doctors to use.
The list of the American college sports association does not name it either, and states plainly that its list is neither complete nor final [36]. For an athlete facing a test, a missing name offers no protection. Further detail sits under peptides banned in sport.
Compared with related peptides
| Peptide | Relation to alpha-MSH | Receptor binding | Human studies | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KPV | The last three building blocks, positions 11–13 [2] | None shown, even at 1 mM [4], [5] | None at all [1], [2] | Approved nowhere [2] |
| Alpha-MSH | The complete parent hormone of 13 building blocks [2] | Docks onto the melanocortin receptors and sets off a signal [4] | A hormone the body makes itself, not a listed medicine [2] | Not a licensed product [2] |
| Melanotan II | Built to copy the core stretch that fits the receptor [13] | Switches those receptors on and darkens the skin [13] | Not assessed on this page | Prescription-only class in Australia [34] |
| BPC-157 | A completely different sequence, from the same research corner [3] | No established target [3] | None published [3] | Approved nowhere, and caught by class S0 [3], [8] |
KPV and alpha-MSH sit at opposite ends of the same molecule and behave differently in one and the same experiment [4], [19]. Melanotan II copies the core stretch that docks onto the receptor and therefore darkens the skin, while KPV lacks exactly that core, which was the original reason to study it [9], [13].
BPC-157 shares not a single building block with KPV. What the two do share is a market, the same FDA category of substances that were put forward and then withdrawn, and the same committee session in July 2026 [3], [33]. Both are unapproved, and neither has a controlled trial in people behind it.
Common misconceptions
- "KPV works like alpha-MSH." It does not dock onto what alpha-MSH docks onto. Three groups report that it displaces nothing and sets off no signal, and one paper shows alpha-MSH calming allergy cells while KPV does not [4], [5], [12], [19].
- "The FDA approved KPV in July 2026." The FDA argued the opposite in writing. A committee voted against that proposal, and its vote binds nobody; besides, putting a raw substance on a compounding list is not an approval [2], [33], [35].
- "Swallowed, rubbed on and injected all come to the same thing." The bowel studies used drinking water and a carrier in the gut wall, the eye study used drops, and the brain injury study used an injection. Through human skin, nothing measurable passes on its own [6], [15], [24].
- "Studies on (CKPV)2, KdPT or the capped form are studies on KPV." These are separate molecules. The doubled version did better than KPV in direct comparisons, and the capped form showed no effect against microbes at all [27], [37], [38].
- "It is natural, so it is safe." The FDA names three open risks: an immune reaction, clumping of the peptide, and impurities that nobody keeps within limits. No data address any of them [2].
- "Melanocortin drugs are in clinical trials, so KPV has been tested." Those trials study other molecules, among them AP1189 and PL-8177. Approved medicines in this family do exist, but none of them is KPV [1], [39].
Frequently asked questions
Has KPV ever been tested in humans?
No. A search of the ClinicalTrials.gov registry on 6 September 2026 returned not one registered study. In its own assessment the FDA states three separate times that it found no clinical studies and no data on people taking the peptide by any route.
Is KPV approved anywhere?
No. No country has licensed it as a medicine, and it has no entry in the American, European or Japanese pharmacopoeias, the official reference books for medicines. It has neither an official drug classification code nor an internationally agreed drug name.
Did the FDA approve KPV in July 2026?
No. An advisory committee voted in favour of putting it on a list of substances that pharmacies may make preparations from, and it voted against the written proposal of the FDA itself. Such votes are only advice, and even being on that list would allow pharmacies to work with the raw material rather than approve a medicine.
Does KPV work like alpha-MSH?
It does not dock onto the receptors that alpha-MSH uses. At least three independent research groups report that KPV cannot push a marked test substance off those receptors, even at a very high concentration of 1 mM, and that it triggers no signal inside the cell. The short stretch that fits those receptors is simply missing from the peptide.
What did the KPV colitis studies show?
In mice that got KPV in their drinking water, bowel inflammation triggered by chemicals ran a milder course and fewer tumours grew out of it. The effect on tumours vanished in mice that lack the gut carrier PepT1, and none of this has ever been tested in a person.
Does KPV pass through skin?
In the only study of the question, done on donated human skin, nothing measurable crossed the skin on its own: the amount stayed below the detection limit of 0.01 µg/ml. Tiny needles and a weak electric current did push measurable amounts through, but simply spreading it on did not.
What are the side effects of KPV?
Nobody knows. The FDA database holds no report of a side effect, which says only that no documented use exists, not that the peptide is safe. No safety study has ever been run, either in people or in animals.
Why does this page list KPV doses?
The doses are simply facts from published experiments in animals and cells, listed so that the evidence can be read as it stands. They describe rabbits, mice, rats and cells in dishes. None of it has been tried in a person.
Is KPV banned in sport?
Yes, at all times. Class S0 of the 2026 Prohibited List covers any drug-like substance that no health authority currently approves. KPV falls under that wording rather than being printed on the list by name.
Is KPV the same as (CKPV)2, KdPT or Melanotan?
No. Each of them is a different molecule with its own data behind it. Studies on the doubled version, on the similar peptide that comes from a different messenger substance, or on the tanning peptides say nothing about KPV itself.
Sources
- ClinicalTrials.gov API v2. Queries for "KPV", "KPV peptide", "CKPV", "Lys-Pro-Val", "lysine-proline-valine" and "alpha-MSH 11-13"; no study of the substance identified. AP1189 (NCT05604885) and PL-8177 (NCT05466890) recorded in the same query as separate molecules. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/
- US Food and Drug Administration. Briefing document, Evaluation of KPV-related Bulk Drug Substances (KPV free base and KPV acetate) for Inclusion on the 503A Bulk Drug Substances List. 12 May 2026, 31 pages. https://www.fda.gov/media/193346/download
- US Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks. Content current as of 22 April 2026. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
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- Laroui H et al. (2010). Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model. Gastroenterology 138(3):843-853. PMID 19909746. DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.003
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- An SH et al. (2026). KPV attenuates adipogenesis and lipid metabolism through modulation of ROS-mediated AKT/mTORC1/PPARγ signaling. Tissue and Cell 104(Pt 1):103837. PMID 42585803. DOI 10.1016/j.tice.2026.103837
- Lee JY et al. (2026). Lysine-proline-valine peptide attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation through ROS-dependent regulation of the PPARγ pathway in HepG2 cells. Cytotechnology 78(3):98. PMID 42064835. DOI 10.1007/s10616-026-00967-z
- Pharmaceutical Executive. FDA panel votes to loosen restrictions for four peptides. 24 July 2026; reported result 8 to 6 with one abstention. Secondary source; not confirmed by an FDA document. https://www.pharmexec.com/view/fda-votes-loosen-restrictions-four-peptides
- US Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee; agenda and the statement that advisory committees make non-binding recommendations. Retrieved 6 September 2026. https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
- Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard), Australia. Full text searched for "KPV", "Lys-Pro-Val" and "lysine-proline-valine" with no match; Melanotan II listed in Schedule 4. Retrieved 6 September 2026.
- US Food and Drug Administration. Questions paper for the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting of 23-24 July 2026; separate votes for KPV free base and KPV acetate. https://www.fda.gov/media/193711/download
- NCAA. Banned Substances; full text searched for "KPV" with no match; list stated to be neither complete nor exhaustive. Retrieved 6 September 2026.
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- openFDA Drugs@FDA. Approved melanocortin medicines: afamelanotide NDA210797 (8 October 2019), setmelanotide NDA213793 (25 November 2020), bremelanotide NDA210557 (21 June 2019). Retrieved 6 September 2026.
Cite this page
The facts on this page were checked on 6 September 2026, and every register search behind the status table was run on that date. The regulatory position shifted twice during 2026 and may shift again, so the version and the date matter as much as the text itself.
myPeptides Research & Editing. (2026). KPV: what the studies show, status and safety. Version 1.0, 6 September 2026. myPeptides Peptide Register. Retrieved from https://mypep.app/peptides/kpv
How pages in this register are compiled and graded is described under methodology; the full register is at peptides.
| Version | Date | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 6 September 2026 | Initial publication |