[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"kb-filtering-peptides-en":3},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"title":8,"description":9,"date":10,"dateLabel":11,"updated":12,"read":13,"author":14,"image":15,"faq":16,"body":35,"_type":851,"_id":852,"_source":853,"_file":854,"_stem":855,"_extension":856},"\u002Ffiltering-peptides\u002Fen","filtering-peptides",false,"","Syringe filters for peptide solutions: pore size and membrane","What a 0.22 µm sterilizing-grade syringe filter is rated to retain, which membrane materials keep peptide adsorption low, and what filtration cannot remove.","2026-06-26","September 2026","2026-09-04","8 min","myPeptides Team","\u002Fassets\u002Ffiltering-peptides_hero.png",[17,20,23,26,29,32],{"q":18,"a":19},"Which pore size counts as sterilizing-grade?","The 0.22 µm rating is the one classified as sterilizing-grade for aqueous solutions, validated by bacterial retention testing under ASTM F838. A 0.45 µm membrane clarifies a liquid but is not rated to retain the test organism and is described in the literature as a pre-filter.",{"q":21,"a":22},"Is 0.2 µm different from 0.22 µm?","No. The two figures are historical labelling conventions used by different manufacturers for the same sterilizing-grade rating. Retention performance is defined by the same test, not by the printed number.",{"q":24,"a":25},"Which membrane materials bind peptides least?","Polyethersulfone (PES), hydrophilic-treated PVDF, cellulose acetate and regenerated cellulose are classified as low protein binding. Nylon binds peptides strongly, and PTFE is hydrophobic, so neither is specified for aqueous peptide solutions.",{"q":27,"a":28},"Does sterile filtration remove endotoxins?","No. Endotoxins are bacterial cell-wall fragments far smaller than a 0.22 µm pore and pass through it. Sterility, freedom from pyrogens and chemical purity are three separate properties, and a membrane filter addresses only the first.",{"q":30,"a":31},"What volume of liquid stays behind in a syringe filter?","The retained hold-up volume scales with housing diameter. A 13 mm housing typically holds back a few tens of microlitres, while a 25 mm housing can retain substantially more — a significant fraction of a container holding only a millilitre or two.",{"q":33,"a":34},"Can a syringe filter be used more than once?","No. Sterilizing filters are supplied individually sealed for single use. A used membrane is wet, loaded with retained material and no longer sterile, and it presents a growth surface rather than a barrier.",{"type":36,"children":37,"toc":827},"root",[38,47,53,60,65,78,83,89,208,213,222,228,233,370,375,394,400,405,410,416,421,466,471,477,482,488,507,512,518,540,546,551,556,561,567,652,657,663,669,673,678,682,687,691,696,700,705,709,714,718,724,788,794],{"type":39,"tag":40,"props":41,"children":43},"element","h1",{"id":42},"syringe-filters-for-reconstituted-peptide-solutions",[44],{"type":45,"value":46},"text","Syringe filters for reconstituted peptide solutions",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":49,"children":50},"p",{},[51],{"type":45,"value":52},"Two different things get discussed under the one word \"filtering\": equipment, and a claim about safety that the equipment does not support. The equipment side is well defined — filter documentation for aqueous protein solutions describes a 0.22 µm sterilizing-grade membrane, a hydrophilic material such as PES, a small-diameter housing and a Luer-lock connector, supplied sterile and single-use. That specification describes hardware which retains bacteria and particulate matter and nothing else; whether a filtration step is appropriate at all is a separate question, and one for a pharmacist or physician.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":55,"children":57},"h2",{"id":56},"what-sterilizing-filtration-means",[58],{"type":45,"value":59},"What sterilizing filtration means",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":61,"children":62},{},[63],{"type":45,"value":64},"A syringe filter is a small polymer housing with a membrane sealed inside it. Liquid pushed through passes the membrane; anything larger than the pore rating remains on the upstream side.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":66,"children":67},{},[68,70,76],{"type":45,"value":69},"\"Sterilizing-grade\" is a defined technical classification, not a marketing adjective. Under ASTM F838, a membrane earns it by retaining a defined bacterial challenge applied per square centimetre of filter area: ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":72,"children":73},"em",{},[74],{"type":45,"value":75},"Brevundimonas diminuta",{"type":45,"value":77},", at roughly 0.3 µm one of the smallest culturable bacteria. That test is why 0.22 µm became the international convention for sterilizing aqueous solutions: at that rating, bacteria, yeasts and moulds are retained.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":79,"children":80},{},[81],{"type":45,"value":82},"Both 0.2 µm and 0.22 µm appear on packaging for the same classification — a labelling convention inherited from different manufacturers decades ago, not a difference in retention.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":84,"children":86},{"id":85},"pore-ratings-and-what-each-one-retains",[87],{"type":45,"value":88},"Pore ratings and what each one retains",{"type":39,"tag":90,"props":91,"children":92},"table",{},[93,117],{"type":39,"tag":94,"props":95,"children":96},"thead",{},[97],{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":99,"children":100},"tr",{},[101,107,112],{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":103,"children":104},"th",{},[105],{"type":45,"value":106},"Pore rating",{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":108,"children":109},{},[110],{"type":45,"value":111},"Classification",{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":113,"children":114},{},[115],{"type":45,"value":116},"Rated to retain",{"type":39,"tag":118,"props":119,"children":120},"tbody",{},[121,147,172,190],{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":122,"children":123},{},[124,130,135],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":126,"children":127},"td",{},[128],{"type":45,"value":129},"0.45 µm",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":131,"children":132},{},[133],{"type":45,"value":134},"Clarifying, not sterilizing",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":136,"children":137},{},[138,140,145],{"type":45,"value":139},"Larger particulates and debris. ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":141,"children":142},{},[143],{"type":45,"value":144},"B. diminuta",{"type":45,"value":146}," passes in quantity — the finding that moved the sterilizing convention to the finer rating",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":148,"children":149},{},[150,159,167],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":151,"children":152},{},[153],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":155,"children":156},"strong",{},[157],{"type":45,"value":158},"0.22 µm (= 0.2 µm)",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":160,"children":161},{},[162],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":163,"children":164},{},[165],{"type":45,"value":166},"Sterilizing-grade (ASTM F838)",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":168,"children":169},{},[170],{"type":45,"value":171},"Bacteria, yeasts, moulds",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":173,"children":174},{},[175,180,185],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":176,"children":177},{},[178],{"type":45,"value":179},"0.1 µm",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":181,"children":182},{},[183],{"type":45,"value":184},"Mycoplasma-rated",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":186,"children":187},{},[188],{"type":45,"value":189},"Mycoplasma, in addition to bacteria",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":191,"children":192},{},[193,198,203],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":194,"children":195},{},[196],{"type":45,"value":197},"0.02 µm (20 nm)",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":199,"children":200},{},[201],{"type":45,"value":202},"Virus-retentive nanofilter",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":204,"children":205},{},[206],{"type":45,"value":207},"Viral particles",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":209,"children":210},{},[211],{"type":45,"value":212},"The 0.45 µm rating is the one most often misread. Filter documentation places it as a clarifying or pre-filtration step, and its failure against small bacteria is exactly what made 0.22 µm the sterilizing convention. The finer ratings answer questions of their own — a sterilizing membrane is bacteria-tight, not tight against everything.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":214,"children":215},{},[216],{"type":39,"tag":217,"props":218,"children":221},"img",{"alt":219,"src":220},"Comparison of syringe filter pore sizes: 0.45, 0.22, and 0.02 microns","\u002Fassets\u002Ffilter_anatomy.png",[],{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":223,"children":225},{"id":224},"membrane-material-and-peptide-adsorption",[226],{"type":45,"value":227},"Membrane material and peptide adsorption",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":229,"children":230},{},[231],{"type":45,"value":232},"Material matters as much as pore rating, for a reason unrelated to sieving: peptides adsorb onto some membrane surfaces and are lost from solution there.",{"type":39,"tag":90,"props":234,"children":235},{},[236,257],{"type":39,"tag":94,"props":237,"children":238},{},[239],{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":240,"children":241},{},[242,247,252],{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":243,"children":244},{},[245],{"type":45,"value":246},"Membrane",{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":248,"children":249},{},[250],{"type":45,"value":251},"Protein binding",{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":253,"children":254},{},[255],{"type":45,"value":256},"Notes",{"type":39,"tag":118,"props":258,"children":259},{},[260,283,306,328,349],{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":261,"children":262},{},[263,273,278],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":264,"children":265},{},[266,271],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":267,"children":268},{},[269],{"type":45,"value":270},"PES",{"type":45,"value":272}," (polyethersulfone)",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":274,"children":275},{},[276],{"type":45,"value":277},"Very low",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":279,"children":280},{},[281],{"type":45,"value":282},"Naturally hydrophilic, high flow rate; the material most commonly specified for protein and peptide solutions",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":284,"children":285},{},[286,296,301],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":287,"children":288},{},[289,294],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":290,"children":291},{},[292],{"type":45,"value":293},"PVDF",{"type":45,"value":295},", hydrophilic-treated",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":297,"children":298},{},[299],{"type":45,"value":300},"Low",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":302,"children":303},{},[304],{"type":45,"value":305},"Only the treated grade wets with water; untreated PVDF is hydrophobic",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":307,"children":308},{},[309,319,323],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":310,"children":311},{},[312,317],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":313,"children":314},{},[315],{"type":45,"value":316},"CA \u002F RC",{"type":45,"value":318}," (cellulose acetate, regenerated cellulose)",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":320,"children":321},{},[322],{"type":45,"value":300},{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":324,"children":325},{},[326],{"type":45,"value":327},"Hydrophilic, low-binding",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":329,"children":330},{},[331,339,344],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":332,"children":333},{},[334],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":335,"children":336},{},[337],{"type":45,"value":338},"Nylon",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":340,"children":341},{},[342],{"type":45,"value":343},"High",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":345,"children":346},{},[347],{"type":45,"value":348},"Binds peptides strongly; documented recovery losses",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":350,"children":351},{},[352,360,365],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":353,"children":354},{},[355],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":356,"children":357},{},[358],{"type":45,"value":359},"PTFE",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":361,"children":362},{},[363],{"type":45,"value":364},"Not applicable to water",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":366,"children":367},{},[368],{"type":45,"value":369},"Hydrophobic; specified for solvents and gases",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":371,"children":372},{},[373],{"type":45,"value":374},"Whether an aqueous solution passes at all is decided by hydrophilic versus hydrophobic. A reconstituted peptide is dissolved in water, so the membrane has to be hydrophilic; a hydrophobic membrane will not wet with water unless primed with alcohol first, which introduces solvent residue into a step whose purpose is the opposite.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":376,"children":377},{},[378,380,385,387,392],{"type":45,"value":379},"One recurring confusion in the material names: cellulose ",{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":381,"children":382},{},[383],{"type":45,"value":384},"nitrate",{"type":45,"value":386}," binds protein strongly, while cellulose ",{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":388,"children":389},{},[390],{"type":45,"value":391},"acetate",{"type":45,"value":393}," and regenerated cellulose are low-binding. The word \"cellulose\" alone says nothing about binding behaviour.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":395,"children":397},{"id":396},"housing-diameter-hold-up-volume-and-connector",[398],{"type":45,"value":399},"Housing diameter, hold-up volume and connector",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":401,"children":402},{},[403],{"type":45,"value":404},"Hold-up volume — the liquid retained by housing and membrane when the plunger reaches the end of travel — scales with housing diameter. Manufacturer datasheets pair smaller housings with smaller sample volumes: a 4 mm housing is listed for volumes around 1 mL, a 13 mm housing for roughly 1–10 mL. The hold-up volume of a 13 mm device is on the order of tens of microlitres; a 25 mm device retains considerably more, in some designs above 1 mL — a large proportion of a container holding 1–2 mL in total.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":406,"children":407},{},[408],{"type":45,"value":409},"Two further specifications are structural rather than matters of preference. The Luer-lock is the threaded connector; the Luer-slip is a push fit, and plunger pressure can separate a slip joint mid-stroke. Sterilizing filters are supplied individually sealed and terminally sterilized, by gamma irradiation or ethylene oxide — a sterile filtrate presupposes a sterile filter. Single use belongs to the same specification: a used membrane is wet, loaded with retained material and no longer sterile.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":411,"children":413},{"id":412},"what-filtration-does-not-remove",[414],{"type":45,"value":415},"What filtration does not remove",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":417,"children":418},{},[419],{"type":45,"value":420},"This is where the capability of a membrane filter is routinely overstated. A 0.22 µm membrane is a size-exclusion barrier for bacteria and particulates, and that is the whole of its function.",{"type":39,"tag":422,"props":423,"children":424},"ul",{},[425,436,446,456],{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":427,"children":428},"li",{},[429,434],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":430,"children":431},{},[432],{"type":45,"value":433},"Endotoxins (pyrogens) pass through.",{"type":45,"value":435}," They are lipopolysaccharide fragments of bacterial cell walls, far smaller than the pore and heat-stable, and they pass 0.22 µm and 0.1 µm membranes alike. Dead bacteria retained on the membrane are themselves an endotoxin source.",{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":437,"children":438},{},[439,444],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":440,"children":441},{},[442],{"type":45,"value":443},"Viruses pass through.",{"type":45,"value":445}," Viral particles are roughly an order of magnitude smaller than bacteria; retention requires a 20 nm nanofilter.",{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":447,"children":448},{},[449,454],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":450,"children":451},{},[452],{"type":45,"value":453},"Dissolved contaminants pass through.",{"type":45,"value":455}," Heavy metals, solvent residues and degradation products move with the solvent. Identity and purity are questions for HPLC and mass spectrometry, not for a filter.",{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":457,"children":458},{},[459,464],{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":460,"children":461},{},[462],{"type":45,"value":463},"Sterile, pyrogen-free and pure are three different properties.",{"type":45,"value":465}," A clear, filtered solution can satisfy the first and fail the other two, and its appearance will not indicate which.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":467,"children":468},{},[469],{"type":45,"value":470},"The most useful thing to know about a membrane filter is therefore what it cannot compensate for: nothing about the origin, identity, purity or handling history of a solution is changed by passing it through one.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":472,"children":474},{"id":473},"can-filtration-make-matters-worse",[475],{"type":45,"value":476},"Can filtration make matters worse?",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":478,"children":479},{},[480],{"type":45,"value":481},"It can. Every additional manipulation of a closed system is another opportunity for contamination to enter, and there is no published evidence that filtration outside a pharmacy setting nets out as a reduction in risk; the outcome is dominated by the aseptic technique around the step rather than by the membrane. Filters are also not perfectly inert — extractables and leachables are a recognised topic in the pharmaceutical literature, minor next to the handling question.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":483,"children":485},{"id":484},"where-peptide-is-lost",[486],{"type":45,"value":487},"Where peptide is lost",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":489,"children":490},{},[491,493,498,500,505],{"type":45,"value":492},"Loss is not a sieving effect: a peptide molecule measures a few nanometres across against a 220 nm pore and passes freely. Two mechanisms account for what disappears. ",{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":494,"children":495},{},[496],{"type":45,"value":497},"Membrane adsorption",{"type":45,"value":499}," binds peptide to the membrane surface until the available sites saturate, which is why the first fraction through carries the largest proportional loss; with low-binding membranes such as PES, the losses described in the method literature are small. ",{"type":39,"tag":154,"props":501,"children":502},{},[503],{"type":45,"value":504},"Hold-up volume",{"type":45,"value":506}," is the retained volume described above, which stays in the device.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":508,"children":509},{},[510],{"type":45,"value":511},"Both effects are described in laboratory method literature, which lists membrane pre-wetting and displacement of the hold-up volume among the standard sample-preparation measures of the analytical laboratory — procedures belonging to that setting and to its equipment, not part of this description. What the two mechanisms explain is the shape of the loss rather than a way around it: the hold-up volume is fixed and the adsorption sites are finite, so both claim a larger share of the starting material as the volume gets smaller and the concentration lower.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":513,"children":515},{"id":514},"cloudiness-in-a-previously-clear-solution",[516],{"type":45,"value":517},"Cloudiness in a previously clear solution",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":519,"children":520},{},[521,523,530,532,538],{"type":45,"value":522},"Cloudiness that develops hours or days after ",{"type":39,"tag":524,"props":525,"children":527},"a",{"href":526},"\u002Freconstitute-peptides",[528],{"type":45,"value":529},"reconstitution",{"type":45,"value":531}," in a solution that was clear is described in pharmaceutical practice as an indicator of microbial growth or of the peptide coming out of solution. Neither is a filtration problem, and the standard handling of a preparation whose integrity is in question is discarding it rather than clarifying it: passing a cloudy solution through a membrane removes the visual evidence while leaving endotoxin and degradation products in the filtrate. In the filtration literature, the stated purpose of a clarifying step is particulate matter of known non-microbial origin, such as undissolved solid shortly after mixing. Cloudiness that appears only when several peptides are combined in one syringe has a different, chemical explanation, covered in ",{"type":39,"tag":524,"props":533,"children":535},{"href":534},"\u002Fmixing-peptides",[536],{"type":45,"value":537},"mixing peptides in one syringe",{"type":45,"value":539},".",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":541,"children":543},{"id":542},"how-the-operation-is-described-in-the-standards",[544],{"type":45,"value":545},"How the operation is described in the standards",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":547,"children":548},{},[549],{"type":45,"value":550},"Sterile filtration is a defined pharmaceutical operation with published conventions — USP General Chapter \u003C797>, the corresponding pharmacopoeial chapters in Europe, and the FDA guidance on aseptic processing. Those texts describe it as taking place in a controlled-air environment, performed by personnel with documented aseptic technique training, which is why they treat sterilizing filtration as a pharmacy or manufacturing activity.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":552,"children":553},{},[554],{"type":45,"value":555},"What those chapters regulate is the frame rather than the hand movements, and validated filter integrity is part of that frame: a sterilizing filter used in production is expected to be verified by a physical test — bubble point or diffusive flow — which presupposes its own equipment, acceptance criteria and documentation. None of that apparatus exists outside the setting it was written for.",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":557,"children":558},{},[559],{"type":45,"value":560},"On the technique the same standards record findings rather than a sequence. Closure disinfection, contact surfaces and air quality determine the outcome at least as much as the membrane does, and excessive differential pressure across a membrane is a documented cause of filter failure. The consistent element across these texts is the assignment itself: an operation defined for trained personnel in a controlled environment, of which the filter specification is only one part.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":562,"children":564},{"id":563},"specification-summary",[565],{"type":45,"value":566},"Specification summary",{"type":39,"tag":90,"props":568,"children":569},{},[570,586],{"type":39,"tag":94,"props":571,"children":572},{},[573],{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":574,"children":575},{},[576,581],{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":577,"children":578},{},[579],{"type":45,"value":580},"Specification",{"type":39,"tag":102,"props":582,"children":583},{},[584],{"type":45,"value":585},"Value stated in filter documentation",{"type":39,"tag":118,"props":587,"children":588},{},[589,601,613,626,639],{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":590,"children":591},{},[592,596],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":593,"children":594},{},[595],{"type":45,"value":106},{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":597,"children":598},{},[599],{"type":45,"value":600},"0.22 µm, equivalently labelled 0.2 µm; classified sterilizing-grade under ASTM F838",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":602,"children":603},{},[604,608],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":605,"children":606},{},[607],{"type":45,"value":246},{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":609,"children":610},{},[611],{"type":45,"value":612},"Hydrophilic PES, with hydrophilic PVDF, CA and RC listed as further low-binding materials",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":614,"children":615},{},[616,621],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":617,"children":618},{},[619],{"type":45,"value":620},"Housing diameter",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":622,"children":623},{},[624],{"type":45,"value":625},"13 mm is listed for sample volumes of roughly 1–10 mL; hold-up volume rises with diameter",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":627,"children":628},{},[629,634],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":630,"children":631},{},[632],{"type":45,"value":633},"Connector",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":635,"children":636},{},[637],{"type":45,"value":638},"Luer-lock is the threaded fitting; a Luer-slip joint is a push fit that can separate under plunger pressure",{"type":39,"tag":98,"props":640,"children":641},{},[642,647],{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":643,"children":644},{},[645],{"type":45,"value":646},"Supply form",{"type":39,"tag":125,"props":648,"children":649},{},[650],{"type":45,"value":651},"Individually sealed, gamma- or EO-sterilized, labelled single use",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":653,"children":654},{},[655],{"type":45,"value":656},"Those are the values that recur across filter documentation for aqueous protein and peptide solutions. They describe a piece of hardware and its rated performance — not an indication for using one, which is a question for a pharmacist or physician rather than for a specification table.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":658,"children":660},{"id":659},"common-questions",[661],{"type":45,"value":662},"Common questions",{"type":39,"tag":664,"props":665,"children":667},"h3",{"id":666},"which-pore-size-counts-as-sterilizing-grade",[668],{"type":45,"value":18},{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":670,"children":671},{},[672],{"type":45,"value":19},{"type":39,"tag":664,"props":674,"children":676},{"id":675},"is-02-µm-different-from-022-µm",[677],{"type":45,"value":21},{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":679,"children":680},{},[681],{"type":45,"value":22},{"type":39,"tag":664,"props":683,"children":685},{"id":684},"which-membrane-materials-bind-peptides-least",[686],{"type":45,"value":24},{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":688,"children":689},{},[690],{"type":45,"value":25},{"type":39,"tag":664,"props":692,"children":694},{"id":693},"does-sterile-filtration-remove-endotoxins",[695],{"type":45,"value":27},{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":697,"children":698},{},[699],{"type":45,"value":28},{"type":39,"tag":664,"props":701,"children":703},{"id":702},"what-volume-of-liquid-stays-behind-in-a-syringe-filter",[704],{"type":45,"value":30},{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":706,"children":707},{},[708],{"type":45,"value":31},{"type":39,"tag":664,"props":710,"children":712},{"id":711},"can-a-syringe-filter-be-used-more-than-once",[713],{"type":45,"value":33},{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":715,"children":716},{},[717],{"type":45,"value":34},{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":719,"children":721},{"id":720},"sources",[722],{"type":45,"value":723},"Sources",{"type":39,"tag":422,"props":725,"children":726},{},[727,738,749,760,772,783],{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":728,"children":729},{},[730,732,737],{"type":45,"value":731},"ASTM F838, ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":733,"children":734},{},[735],{"type":45,"value":736},"Standard Test Method for Determining Bacterial Retention of Membrane Filters Utilized for Liquid Filtration",{"type":45,"value":539},{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":739,"children":740},{},[741,743,748],{"type":45,"value":742},"United States Pharmacopeia, General Chapter \u003C797>, ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":744,"children":745},{},[746],{"type":45,"value":747},"Pharmaceutical Compounding — Sterile Preparations",{"type":45,"value":539},{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":750,"children":751},{},[752,754,759],{"type":45,"value":753},"European Pharmacopoeia 5.1.1, ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":755,"children":756},{},[757],{"type":45,"value":758},"Methods of preparation of sterile products",{"type":45,"value":539},{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":761,"children":762},{},[763,765,770],{"type":45,"value":764},"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":766,"children":767},{},[768],{"type":45,"value":769},"Sterile Drug Products Produced by Aseptic Processing — Current Good Manufacturing Practice",{"type":45,"value":771}," (2004).",{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":773,"children":774},{},[775,777,782],{"type":45,"value":776},"PDA Technical Report No. 26, ",{"type":39,"tag":71,"props":778,"children":779},{},[780],{"type":45,"value":781},"Sterilizing Filtration of Liquids",{"type":45,"value":539},{"type":39,"tag":426,"props":784,"children":785},{},[786],{"type":45,"value":787},"Product datasheets published by manufacturers of sterilizing-grade syringe filters, for housing diameter, hold-up volume and stated sample-volume ranges.",{"type":39,"tag":54,"props":789,"children":791},{"id":790},"the-part-that-matters",[792],{"type":45,"value":793},"The part that matters",{"type":39,"tag":48,"props":795,"children":796},{},[797,799,803,805,811,812,818,820,826],{"type":45,"value":798},"This page is general information — not medical advice, not a usage recommendation, and not instructions to carry anything out. A sterilizing membrane is a size-exclusion barrier for bacteria and particulates, and the properties people most want it to guarantee — freedom from pyrogens, identity, purity, the reliability of a source — lie outside what any filter can address. Related reference pages: ",{"type":39,"tag":524,"props":800,"children":801},{"href":526},[802],{"type":45,"value":529},{"type":45,"value":804},", ",{"type":39,"tag":524,"props":806,"children":808},{"href":807},"\u002Fbacteriostatic-vs-sterile-water",[809],{"type":45,"value":810},"bacteriostatic and sterile water",{"type":45,"value":804},{"type":39,"tag":524,"props":813,"children":815},{"href":814},"\u002Finjecting-peptides",[816],{"type":45,"value":817},"injection safety basics",{"type":45,"value":819},", and the ",{"type":39,"tag":524,"props":821,"children":823},{"href":822},"\u002Fcalculator",[824],{"type":45,"value":825},"unit converter",{"type":45,"value":539},{"title":7,"searchDepth":828,"depth":828,"links":829},2,[830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,849,850],{"id":56,"depth":828,"text":59},{"id":85,"depth":828,"text":88},{"id":224,"depth":828,"text":227},{"id":396,"depth":828,"text":399},{"id":412,"depth":828,"text":415},{"id":473,"depth":828,"text":476},{"id":484,"depth":828,"text":487},{"id":514,"depth":828,"text":517},{"id":542,"depth":828,"text":545},{"id":563,"depth":828,"text":566},{"id":659,"depth":828,"text":662,"children":841},[842,844,845,846,847,848],{"id":666,"depth":843,"text":18},3,{"id":675,"depth":843,"text":21},{"id":684,"depth":843,"text":24},{"id":693,"depth":843,"text":27},{"id":702,"depth":843,"text":30},{"id":711,"depth":843,"text":33},{"id":720,"depth":828,"text":723},{"id":790,"depth":828,"text":793},"markdown","content:filtering-peptides:en.md","content","filtering-peptides\u002Fen.md","filtering-peptides\u002Fen","md"]